Vision

Question 1

The front of the eyeball is covered by the \_\_\_\_\_ which helps to focus the light which passes through it because of its \_\_\_\_\_ curvature.
Select one:
a. cornea; convex (outward)
b. iris; convex (outward)
c. cornea; concave (inward)
d. iris; concave (inward)

Answer 1

a. cornea; convex (outward)

Question 2

Muscle fibers in the \_\_\_\_\_ enable it to increase or decrease the diameter of the pupil to allow more or less light to enter the eye.
Select one:
a. cornea
b. iris
c. lens
d. retina

Answer 2

b. iris

Question 3

The \_\_\_\_\_ is the area of the retina that is in the most direct line of sight where the greatest concentration of \_\_\_\_\_ is located.
Select one:
a. blind spot; rods
b. blind spot; cones
c. fovea; rods
d. fovea; cones

Answer 3

d. fovea; cones

Question 4

\_\_\_\_\_ permit sharply focused color vision in bright light, while \_\_\_\_\_ permit vision in dim light.
Select one:
a. Bipolar cells; ganglion cells
b. Rods; cones
c. Ganglion cells; bipolar cells
d. Cones; rods

Answer 4

d. Cones; rods

Question 5

What are the two types of photoreceptor cells in the retina?
Select one:
a. cones and foveae
b. rods and foveae
c. rods and cones
d. cones and corneas

Answer 5

c. rods and cones

Question 6

While \_\_\_\_\_ provide color vision, high visual acuity, and the ability to see in bright illumination; \_\_\_\_\_ provide the sensitivity that allows vision in dim illumination.
Select one:
a. cones; foveae
b. rods; cones
c. rods; foveae
d. cones; rods

Answer 6

d. cones; rods

Question 7

The reason people have a blind spot is due to the absence of \_\_\_\_\_ in the eye.
Select one:
a. receptor cells
b. feature detectors
c. pictorial cues for depth
d. eye convergence

Answer 7

a. receptor cells

Question 8

In \_\_\_\_\_ light, the rod photochemical rhodopsin \_\_\_\_\_, leaving one to depend on one's cones in order to see.
Select one:
a. dim; regenerates
b. bright; regenerates
c. dim; breaks down
d. bright; breaks down

Answer 8

d. bright; breaks down

Question 9

Shaundra walks into a darkened room after being outside on a bright sunny day. The gradual increase in sensitivity in her visual neurons is known as:
Select one:
a. light adaptation.
b. nighttime sensitivity.
c. dark adaptation.
d. light reduction.

Answer 9

c. dark adaptation.

Question 10

Six-year-old Bernadette excitedly mixes all of her paint colors together, only to be disappointed when she discovers that they make a color that's close to black. This mixing of pigments is known as \_\_\_\_\_ color mixing.
Select one:
a. complementarity
b. subtractive
c. primaries
d. additive

Answer 10

b. subtractive

Question 11

Which theory explains how color vision emerges from the combined activity of three different types of receptors?
Select one:
a. trichromatic theory
b. opponent process theory
c. triple wavelength theory
d. integrated wavelength theory

Answer 11

a. trichromatic theory

Question 12

Subtractive color mixing is to pigment as additive color mixing is to:
Select one:
a. light.
b. pigment.
c. white light.
d. wavelengths.

Answer 12

a. light.

Question 13

Dichromats are people who:
Select one:
a. have only two, not three, types of cone photochemicals.
b. tend to see stimulus elements that physically resemble each other as parts of the same object and those that do not resemble each other as parts of different objects.
c. have suffered damage to specific portions of the “what” pathway, meaning both sides of the brain can see but they are unable to make sense of what they see.
d. study the perception of static images, typically using still pictures as the stimuli to be identified.

Answer 13

a. have only two, not three, types of cone photochemicals.

Question 14

Research has shown that neurons in the primary visual cortex are sensitive to the \_\_\_\_\_ of visual stimuli.
Select one:
a. orientation
b. color
c. rate of movement
d. all of these aspects

Answer 14

d. all of these aspects

Question 15

According to Anne Treisman, primitive features are detected:
Select one:
a. serially (one at a time).
b. in parallel (all at once).
c. by reorienting the figure mentally.
d. by attending to the gaps between lines.

Answer 15

b. in parallel (all at once).

Question 16

According to Treisman, primitive features are detected:
Select one:
a. automatically.
b. only with effort.
c. one at a time.
d. only with a little effort at a time.

Answer 16

a. automatically.

Question 17

According to Anne Treisman's (1988) theory on visual perception, unique stimuli that instantaneously “pop out” without further attention go through a process called:
Select one:
a. parallel processing.
b. serial processing.
c. reversible figure.
d. top-down control.

Answer 17

a. parallel processing.

Question 18

The idea that the whole is different from the sum of its parts is most central to:
Select one:
a. Treisman’s feature-integration theory of perception.
b. Biederman’s recognition-by-components theory of perception.
c. Helmholtz’s unconscious inference theory of perception.
d. the Gestalt theory of perception.

Answer 18

d. the Gestalt theory of perception.

Question 19

Simon decides to take a quick walk around the city park just before the sun sets. As he is walking, he notices a well camouflaged green snake lurking in the grass. Simon's ability to distinguish the snake from the background is an example of:
Select one:
a. good form.
b. similarity.
c. common movement.
d. good continuation.

Answer 19

c. common movement.

Question 20

On handicapped parking signs, the symbol depicting a person in a wheelchair appears to stand out and the rest of the sign appears merely to exist behind this symbol. This exemplifies:
Select one:
a. proximity.
b. figure-ground relations.
c. illusory contour.
d. good continuation.

Answer 20

b. figure-ground relations.

Question 21

When Sabrina's phone rings, she picks up the receiver and hears a voice say “Good news, Bri,” despite the fact that the connection is less than perfect. Since Sabrina has been waiting for her sister Bella to call after a major job interview, she is able to use her preexisting knowledge to help her understand the words. This example represents a \_\_\_\_\_ process at work.
Select one:
a. Gestalt
b. bottom-up
c. top-down
d. parallel

Answer 21

c. top-down

Question 22

Damage in the “where and how” pathway takes place in the:
Select one:
a. upper parts of the occipital and parietal lobes.
b. occipital lobe.
c. occipital and temporal lobes.
d. prefrontal cortex.

Answer 22

a. upper parts of the occipital and parietal lobes.

Question 23

People who have suffered damage to their primary visual area and as a result can see an object, identify some of its elements, but cannot perceive its shape are experiencing:
Select one:
a. visual object agnosia.
b. visual form agnosia.
c. misinterpreted sensations.
d. disassociated perceptions.

Answer 23

b. visual form agnosia.

Question 24

In Biederman’s theory of object recognition, a geon is a(n):
Select one:
a. primitive feature.
b. extremely complex geometric shape that cannot be broken down into lower-level components.
c. simple geometric form that is the building block of more complex forms.
d. point in space.

Answer 24

c. simple geometric form that is the building block of more complex forms.

Question 25

``` If Jeremiah has visual _____ agnosia then he could describe and draw an object shown to him, but he still wouldn't be able to identify the object itself. Select one: a. object b. form c. pattern d. representation ```

Answer 25

a. object

Question 26

``` Debbie is holding her thumb stationary at arm's length in front of her. She first looks at her thumb with one eye and then with the other. As she switches eyes, she can see that her thumb obstructs different parts of the visual world. This illustrates: Select one: a. motion parallax. b. occlusion. c. linear perspective. d. binocular disparity. ```

Answer 26

d. binocular disparity.

Question 27

Binocular disparity is a cue for depth that depends on the fact that the two eyes: Select one: a. diverge when looking at the same object. b. differ in the sharpness of their image of the same object. c. see a different view of the same object. d. absorb different wavelengths of light from the same object.

Answer 27

c. see a different view of the same object.

Question 28

``` A child's Viewmaster creates the perception of three-dimensional scenes by showing each eye a picture taken from a slightly different angle. The toy is an example of a _____, a device that simulates _____ in order to create an illusion of depth. Select one: a. cinescope; binocular disparity b. stereoscope; binocular disparity c. cinescope; eye convergence d. stereoscope; eye convergence ```

Answer 28

b. stereoscope; binocular disparity

Question 29

``` Which term refers to the changed view one has of a scene or an object when a person's head moves sideways? Select one: a. binocular disparity b. motion parallax c. stereoscopic vision d. occlusion ```

Answer 29

b. motion parallax

Question 30

``` Which is NOT a pictorial cue for depth? Select one: a. occlusion b. linear perspective c. motion parallax d. texture gradient ```

Answer 30

c. motion parallax

Question 31

``` The ability to see an object as unchanged in size, despite change in the image size as it moves farther away or closer, is called: Select one: a. occlusion. b. motion parallax. c. size transformation. d. size constancy. ```

Answer 31

d. size constancy.