Vision Screening Amblyopia Investigation - Miriam Flashcards
(53 cards)
When are ocular health screenings carried out?
- Before baby leaves hospital
- 6 week check
- 1-2.5 years old (when this happens is postcode dependent)
What two things does an ocular health screening consist of?
Making sure there is a red reflex and eye is structurally normal
Name five different groups of children which should be closely monitored
1) Children with systemic disease (diabetes, sickle cell)
2) Premature/low birth weight
3) FH of stab, amb or refractive error
4) Children with hearing loss
5) Children with learning disability
How many times more like are children with a learning disability likely to have an eye condition or require glasses?
28 times
What are premature babies/ low birth weight at risk of?
Retinopathy
What aged children undergo the pre-school vision screening?
4-5 year olds
What is the aim of pre-school vision screening?
Identify children with impaired sight so they are able to intervene in a timely manner
Who are allowed to carry out the pre-school vision screening?
Orthoptists or professionals trained by orthoptists
Why are 3 year olds not part of the pre-school vision screening programme?
- Younger children= more false positive—> unnecessary referrals
- Poor attendance rate when parents and children are invited
- Delaying treatment to 5 years old will not adversely affect the child
What is the gold standard screening test to measure vision and why?
Linear LogMAR
It includes crowding and does not use singles which helps to detect amblyopia (treating at this age is vital to treat the amb)
Describe the procedure of vision screening tests
- Explain test to child
- Get consent from both parent and child
- Ensure the child is able to match the letters at near for understanding
-Test each eye separately (RE first unless they are struggling/ have strab) - Ensure other eye is occluded
- Measure vision using Keeler logMAR
What age group is the crowded keeler LogMAR designed for?
3.5-5 year olds
What distance should keeler LogMAR be used for ?
3m
What six letters does the keeler LogMAR consist of?
XVOHUY
How many letters are on each line of the keeler LogMAR ?
4 letter each scoring 0.025 and each line scores up to 0.100
How is the keeler LogMAR carried out?
- Occlude one eye
- Start with s2 screener plate
- If they cannot identify the biggest letter then move onto S1
- Present the line of the last correct letter
- 4 letters must be attempted before moving on to a small liner
- Note line which error occurred and measure
- Test other eye and use other test
What is the LogMAR pass criteria?
Children need to see at least 0.200 in both RE and LE
What is the main condition that the vision screening test is trying to detect?
Amblyopia
What conditions may you detect with the vision screening test?
(*hint there are 9)
- Amblyopia
- Cataract
- Refractive error
- Strabismus
- Nystagmus
- Ptosis
- Muscle problem
- Anisocoria
- Rare pathologies (Coloboma and leuocoria)
What is amblyopia?
Visual impairment which results in reduced vision in one or two eyes causes by interruption of normal visual development
What can cause abnormal visual development?
- Refractive error
- Pathology
- Strabismus
- OCCURS DURING CRITICAL PERIOD
What age is the critical period?
7-8 years old (where vision is susceptible to abnormal visual input)
What age is the sensitive period?
From time of deprecation to teen/adult years (basc when treatment is effective)
-BUT poorer prognosis
What is development period?
Birth- 3/5 years old (when vision is developing)
