Visual and Taste perception

Question 1

What is sensation?

Answer 1

Sensation is where we process our environment through touch, taste, sight, sound and smell. Then the information is sent to our brain.

Question 2

What is perception?

Answer 2

The way we interpret sensations and therefore how we make sense of everything around us.

Question 3

Name the 6 stages of sensation and perception

Answer 3

Reception, Transduction, Transmission, Selection, Organisation, Interpretation.

Question 4

Reception for vision

Answer 4

Light enters the eye through the cornea, passes through the pupil, lens focuses light on retina which contains rods and cones

Question 5

Transduction for vision

Answer 5

Light energy is converted to electrochemical nerve impulse and travels along the optic nerve to the brain.

Question 6

Transmission for vision

Answer 6

Occurs along the optic nerve from the retina to the brain.

Question 7

Selection for vision

Answer 7

Paying attention to certain stimuli images are broken up by feature detectors.

Question 8

Organisation for vision

Answer 8

The primary visual cortex analyses incoming messages

Question 9

Interpretation for vision

Answer 9

The brain recognises the object/person familiar

Question 10

Reception for taste

Answer 10

Chemicals are dissolved by saliva in the process of chewing

Question 11

Transduction for taste

Answer 11

The chemical energy is converted by the receptor cells on the taste buds into electrochemical nerve impulses..

Question 12

Transmission for taste

Answer 12

The nerve impulses travel to the gustatory cortex, where perception continues

Question 13

Iris

Answer 13

The iris controls how much light enters the eye

Question 14

Pupil

Answer 14

Lets light enter your inner eye

Question 15

Cornea

Answer 15

A tough clear covering that helps protect the eye and bends light as it passes through.

Question 16

Aqueous humor

Answer 16

A clear fluid that helps the cornea keep it’s shape

Question 17

Retina

Answer 17

Detects images focused by cornea and lens.

Question 18

Blind spot

Answer 18

The place where the optic nerve leaves the retina, it has no light sensitive cells.

Question 19

Optic nerve

Answer 19

Carries messages to your brain from the eye

Question 20

Sclera

Answer 20

The tough white outer covering of the eyeball.

Question 21

Vitreous humor

Answer 21

The thick clear jelly that gives the eye it’s shape.

Question 22

Lens

Answer 22

Focuses light on the retina

Question 23

Rods

Answer 23

Responsible for vision at low light levels

Question 24

Cones

Answer 24

Active at higher light levels, help us see colour.

Question 25

What is closure?

Answer 25

Perceiving an object as a whole despite being incomplete.

Question 26

What is figure ground?

Answer 26

The contour line

Question 27

What is proximity?

Answer 27

When individual parts are close to each other we perceive them as 'whole'

Question 28

What is similarity?

Answer 28

Group together to provide 'whole single unit'

Question 29

What is linear perception?

Answer 29

The apparent convergence of parallel lines in the distance giving the impression of depth.

Question 30

What is texture gradient?

Answer 30

A monocular depth cue where the surface features of an object become less detailed the more distant an object becomes.

Question 31

What is size constancy?

Answer 31

How we maintain a constant perception of an objects size even if the object moves nearer or further away.

Question 32

What is shape constancy?

Answer 32

How we can interpret objects when viewed from any angle.

Question 33

What is depth perception?

Answer 33

The ability to accurately judge 3D space and distance using cues in the environment.

Question 34

What is monocular cues?

Answer 34

Depth perception cues requiring information from one eye only.

Question 35

What is interposition?

Answer 35

A monocular depth cue where the object which overlaps another is perceived as being closer than the object it covers.

Question 36

What is relative size?

Answer 36

A monocular depth cue where the smaller retinal image of two objects is perceived as being further away.

Question 37

What is the muller-lyer illusion?

Answer 37

Two lines, one with a arrowhead and one with a feather tale. The line with the feather tale is perceived to be longer.

Question 38

What is the ponzo illusion?

Answer 38

Upper horizontal line is perceived to be longer than the lower horizontal line.

Question 39

What is perceptual set? (VISION)

Answer 39

A predisposition to perceive stimuli in a specific way, that is, interpreting what we see according to certain preconceptions.

Question 40

What are the 4 factors of perceptual set? (VISION)

Answer 40

Previous experience, Context, Motivation and Emotion

Question 41

Name the 5 primary tastes

Answer 41

Bitter, Umami, Salty, Sweet and Sour

Question 42

What is the gustatory cortex?

Answer 42

The part of the brain thats involved in sensing and perceiving taste.

Question 43

What is motivation? (VISION)

Answer 43

Seeing what we want to see, for example, if your on a long drive running low on fuel and a sign ahead reading 'FOOD AHEAD' could be seen as 'FUEL AHEAD'

Question 44

What is context? (VISION)

Answer 44

Refers to the environment in which a perceived stimuli is observed.

Question 45

What is previous experience? (VISION)

Answer 45

Can affect how we see things from what we have seen in the past, especially if the experience holds significant meaning.

Question 46

What is emotion? (VISION)

Answer 46

We can interpret someone's facial expression as showing laughing or crying, depending on how we are feeling ourselves.

Question 47

What is height in the visual field?

Answer 47

A monocular depth cue where objects that are higher up in the visual field are perceived as being further away than objects below the horizon.

Question 48

What is binocular depth cue?

Answer 48

Depth perception cues requiring information from both eyes.

Question 49

What is accomodation?

Answer 49

A monocular cue involving the ligaments of the lens. The ability of the lens to change shape when focussing on near or distant objects.

Question 50

What are papillaes?

Answer 50

The bumps on your tongue, clumps of taste buds

Question 51

What is perceptual set? (TASTE)

Answer 51

A predisposition to taste something in a particular way.

Question 52

What factors influence taste and flavour?

Answer 52

Biological factors (genetics/age), influenced by packaging, social factors (culture)