visual perception

Question 1

what is visual perception?

Answer 1

ability to recognize, organize, act on info

Question 2

what are visual receptive skills?

Answer 2

acuity
fixation
motility

Question 3

what is acuity?

Answer 3

clarity which eye can see

Question 4

what are behaviors that indicate difficulty with visual acuity?

Answer 4

squinting
headache
eye-ache
inattention
avoidance
takes a while to do something

Question 5

how do you tx acuity issue?

Answer 5

refer to opthamologist
handout
sit closer to info

Question 6

what is visual fixation?

Answer 6

ability to keep eyes from moving off non-moving target (volitional)

Question 7

what are behaviors that indicate difficulty with fixation?

Answer 7

difficulty starting 1st word on page

inattention

Question 8

what is motility?

Answer 8

ability to move eye to full range
skill which eyes are moved
reflexive or volitional

Question 9

what are motility skills?

Answer 9

stereopsis
binocular fusion
convergence/divergence
accommodation
saccades
pursuits

Question 10

how do you tx motility issue?

Answer 10

refer to optometrist

Question 11

what are phorias?

Answer 11

task specific

inability to converge/diverge

Question 12

what are tropias?

Answer 12

less task specific

inability to judge distances b/c eyes are out of alignment and fatigue

Question 13

how do you eval phorias?

Answer 13

developmental optometrist

Question 14

how do you eval tropias?

Answer 14

cover 1 eye and have child look at distant and near taret

Question 15

how do you tx phorias?

Answer 15

special lens
fine motor task
straw activities

Question 16

how do you tx tropias?

Answer 16

correct head tilt
alternating eye patch
suppress double image

Question 17

what are behaviors that indicate issues with accommodation?

Answer 17

near pt blur
eye strain
reduced concentration for near work
moves head/reading closer/farther 
takes a while to do HW

Question 18

how do you eval accommodation issues?

Answer 18

refer optometrist

Question 19

how do you tx accommodation issues?

Answer 19

freq breaks
use UE, back muscle to enhance vision
increase direct lighting to reduce pupil

Question 20

how long should post-rotary nystangmus last?

Answer 20

6-8 seconds

Question 21

what are behaviors that indicate issues with saccades/pursuits?

Answer 21

cant separate eye + head movements
loss of place when reading
poor ball skills

Question 22

how do you eval saccade/pursuit issues?

Answer 22

optometrist

saccades: 2 items (red/blue) “look at red then blue”
pursuits: follow small object, look for nystagmus

Question 23

how do you tx saccade/pursuit issues?

Answer 23

supine
suspended ball with letter that child strikes
visual jumps

Question 24

what makes up visual cognitive skills?

Answer 24

visual attention
visual memory
discrimination

Question 25

what is visual attention?

Answer 25

``` alertness orienting vigilance divided/shared attention selective attention ```

Question 26

what methods are used to tx visual inattention?

Answer 26

attention shifts attn to structures + organization imagery and visualization

Question 27

what makes up visual discrimination?

Answer 27

object form perception | spatial perception

Question 28

what is object form perception?

Answer 28

form constancy visual closure figure ground recognition

Question 29

what is spatial perception?

Answer 29

position in space depth perception topographic orientation

Question 30

what are behavior indicators of poor visual motor integration?

Answer 30

poor motoric response to visual target poor handwriting difficulty drawing