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4th Year Dermatology > Visual Recognition > Flashcards

Visual Recognition Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
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A

Chicken Pox

Appearance - itchy, red macular spots which become vesicles on scalp, face, trunk, and proximal limbs

Cause - varicella zoster virus

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2
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Shingles

Appearance - painful, itchy, blistering rash along a dermatome

Cause - varicella zoster virus

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3
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Opthalamic Zoster

Appearance - shingles rash along the ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

Cause - herpes zoster virus

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4
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Cold Sore

Appearance - blistering lesion

Cause - herpes simplex virus (mainly type 1)

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5
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Primary Gingivostomatitis

Appearance - extensive ulcerations around the mouth covered by yellow–grey membranes

Cause - herpes simplex virus

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6
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Eczema Herpeticum

Appearance - monomorphic, punched-out lesions

Cause - herpes simplex virus in eczema

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7
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Erythema Multiforme

Appearance - target lesions (resembles a bullseye) with erythema

Causes:

  • HSV
  • Drug reactions
  • Some infections eg. Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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8
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Molluscum Contagiosum

Appearance - raised shiny localised clusters of papules with central dimple and white filling

Cause - molluscum contagiosum virus (poxvirus)

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9
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Viral Warts

Appearance - papules with a rough, papillomatous and hyperkeratotic surface

Cause - Human papilloma virus (Types 1-4 of HPV most common in warts/verrucas. Types 6-11 HPV most common in genital warts)

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10
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Herpangina

Appearance - painful, blistering rash of back of mouth

Causes - enterovirus (viruses that infect the gastrointestinal tract) eg coxsackie virus and echovirus

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11
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Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease

Appearance - Painful vesicles and ulcers in and around the mouth, red macules and papules on the buttocks, lesions on the feet

Cause - enteroviruses, especially coxsackie viruses

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12
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Erythema Infectiosum

Appearance -“slapped cheek” rash

Cause - erythrovirus B19

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13
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Orf

Appearance - firm, fleshy nodule on hands of farmers

Cause - virus of sheeps and goats

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14
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Folliculitis

Appearance - inflamed hair follicles (tender red spot, often with a surface pustule)

Cause - staphlococcus aureus

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15
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Furnunculosis (Boil)

Appearance - deep infection of a hair follicule

Cause - staph aureus

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16
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Carbuncle

Appearance - cluster of boils

Cause - staph aureus

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17
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Staphlococcus Scalded Skin Syndrome

Appearance - blistering skin, especially in babies

Causes - staph aureus

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18
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Impetigo

Appearance - pustules and golden crusted erosions

Cause - Staph aureus

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19
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Cellulitis

Appearance - red, hot and painful skin

Cause - mainly staph aureus

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20
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Syphilis

Appearance - single painless ulcer at sight of infection

Cause - bacterium treponema pallidum

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21
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Lyme Disease

Appearance - red, ring-like rash

Cause - borrelia burgdorferi bacteria

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22
Q

Extreme pain in excess of what would be expected for the size of the rash

A

Necrotising Fasciitis

Appearance - red skin with extreme pain far in excess of what would be expected for the visible rash

Causes:

  • Type I – mixed anaerobes & coliforms, usually post-abdominal surgery
  • Type II – Group A Strep infection
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23
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A

Tinea

Appearance - red ring with healed centre

Causes - mainly trichophyton rubrum

Types:

  • Tinea capitis – scalp
  • Tinea barbae – beard
  • Tinea corporis – body
  • Tinea manuum – hand
  • Tinea unguium – nails
  • Tinea cruris – groin
  • Tinea pedis – foot (athlete’s foot)
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24
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Candidiasis

Appearance - white patches

Causes - various candida species

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25
_Scabies_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** Intensely itchy rash affecting finger webs, wrists & genital area **Cause -** sarcoptes scabiei (mites)
26
_Nodular BCC_ ## Footnote **Appearance** - pearly nodule with central depression and telangiectasia, commonly on face
27
_Superficial BCC_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** slightly scaly, irregular plaque with microerrosions, commonly on upper trunk or shoulders
28
_Infiltrative BCC_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** waxy plaque with indistinct boarders, usually midfacial
29
_SCC_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** tender scaly lumps, mainly on sun exposed sites
30
_Bowen's Disease - SCC in situ_ ## Footnote **Appearance** - red and scaly patch, mostly on lower leg
31
_Actinic Keratosis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** rough, scaly patch, especially on head and neck
32
_Melenoma_ ## Footnote **Appearance** - irregular, darkly pigmented lesion that may bleed
33
_Actinic Lentigines/Liver Spot_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** Light brown/red/black spots on sun exposed skin
34
_Congenital Melanocytic Naevi_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** abnormally dark, large, noncancerous nevus
35
_Dysplastic Naevi_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** generally \>6mm diameter, variegated pigment with border asymmetry
36
_Halo Naevi_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** peripheral halo of depigmentation
37
_Spitz Naevi_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** pink and dome shaped mole in children that can mimic melenoma
38
_Blue Naevi_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** blue mole
39
_Seborrhoeic Keratosis/Basal Cell Papilloma_ ## Footnote **Appearance** - greasy hyperkeratotic surface with "stuck on" appearance
40
_Tuberous Sclerosis_ **Appearance -** * Ash leaf macule * Longitudinal ridging in nails * Facial angiofibromas * Enamel pitting
41
_Epidermolysis Bullosa_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** fragile skin and digit fusion
42
_Neurofibromatosis Type I_ **Appearance -** * Café au lait macules * Neurofibromas – soft neural tumours * Axillary or inguinal freckling
43
_Chronic Plaque Psoriasis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** well-delineated red, scaly plaques which are symmetrical and most commmon on extensors (elbow, knee), scalp, sacrum, hands, feet, trunk, nails
44
_Guttate Psoriasis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** multiple small scaly plaques on the trunk and limbs that look like teardrops **Cause -** Often follows an URTI
45
_Onycholysis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** loosening or separation of a fingernail or toenail from its nail bed **Cause** - _psoriasis_, fungus, injury
46
_Nail Pitting_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** multiple pits in the nails **Cause -** psoriasis
47
_Dystrophy_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** changes in nail texture or composition **Causes -** _psoriasis_, trauma, congenital abnormalities, _lichen planus_, and occasionally cancer
48
_Subungual Hyperkeratosis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** scaling under the nail **Cause** - psoriasis
49
_Koebner Phenomenon_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** psoriasis in areas where the skin has been traumatised **Causes** - trauma
50
_Auspitz sign_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** removal of surface scale reveals tiny bleeding points **Cause -** psoriasis
51
_Rosacea_ ## Footnote **Appearance - p**apules, pustules and erythema with no comedones and prominent facial flushing
52
_Lichen Planus_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** Intensly itchy, shiny, flat topped pink/purple shiny papules and plaques that typically affects volar wrists/ forearms, shins and ankles **Cause -** autoimmune condition. Lichen planus-like rash can also be caused by medications (lichenoid drug eruption)
53
_Wickham's Striae_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** fine lace-like pattern on surface of papules and buccal mucosa (often asymptomatic) **Cause -** lichen planus
54
_Bullous Pemphigoid_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** large tense bullae on trunk and proximal limbs
55
_Pemphigus Vulgaris_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** flaccid vesicles/bullae and errosions that typically affects the scalp, face, axillae and groin
56
_Dermatitis Herpetiformis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** blistering, itchy skin rash on knees, elbows, back and buttocks
57
_Type 1 Hypersensitivity_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** hives/wheals
58
_Eczema/Atopic Dermatitis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** oedema, scale, errosions, lichenification, fissures and generalised dry skin (usually flexural distribution)
59
_Discoid Eczema_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** scattered, roundish patches of eczema
60
_Seborrhoeic Dermatitis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** eczema affecting face, scalp and centre of the chest
61
_Pompholyx Eczema_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** hand/foot eczema characterised by vesicles or bullae
62
_Photosensitive Dermatitis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** dermatitis on sun exposed areas
63
_Stasis Dermatitis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** itchy red, blistered and crusted plaques, or dry fissured and scaly plaques on one or both lower legs + “Champagne bottle” shape of lower leg (narrowing at the ankles) and induration (lipodermatosclerosis)
64
_Necrobiosis Lipoidica_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** tender yellowish brown patches on the shin **Cause -** insulin dependant diabetes
65
_Pyoderma Gangrenosum_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** rapidly enlarging, very painful ulcer with purple hue **Causes -** rheumatoid, IBD etc
66
_Pityriasis Rosea_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** a single pink or red oval patch of scaly skin, called the "herald patch", usually appears at least 2 days before a more widespread rash which is made of red, scaly patches
67
_Pityriasis Versicolor_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** flaky discoloured patches on the chest and back **Cause -** yeast infection
68
_Pitted Keratolysis_ ## Footnote **Appearance -** whitish skin and clusters of punched-out pits **Cause** - bacterial infection

4th Year Dermatology (3 decks)

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