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Visual Test Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the late Bronze Age in Italy?

A

1300-1200 BC

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2
Q

When were the proto-Villanovan cultures ?

A

10th c BC

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3
Q

When was the villanovan culture culture?

A

1100-700BC

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4
Q

Villanovan cremation urns?

A

Has gender differentiation

Males have helmets, women have simple drinking cups

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5
Q

Impasto ware?

A

Villanovan

Fairly thick, rough, handmade, no wheel

Attempts to imitate metal => bronze

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6
Q

Buccheroid impasto?

A

Later 8th c BC - early 7th c BC

More refined looking that impasto ware

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7
Q

What was found on Pithekoussa, on island of Ischia?

A

C. 750-700 BC late geometric sherds from Euboea (Greece)

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8
Q

What is a kotyle?

A

A handled drinking cup

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9
Q

When was Augustus’ reign?

A

27 BC - AD 14

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10
Q

When did Tiberius reign?

A

AD 14 - AD 37

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11
Q

When did Caligula reign?

A

AD 37 - AD 41

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12
Q

When did Claudius reign?

A

AD 41 - AD 54

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13
Q

When did Nero reign?

A

AD 54 - AD 68

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14
Q

When was the year of four emperors?

A

AD 69

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15
Q

When did Vespasian rule?

A

AD 69 - AD 79

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16
Q

When did Titus rule?

A

AD 79 - AD 81

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17
Q

When did Domitian rule ?

A

AD 81 - AD 96

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18
Q

When did Nerva rule?

A

AD 96 - AD 98

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19
Q

When did Trajan rule?

A

AD 98 - AD 117

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20
Q

When did Hadrian rule?

A

AD 117 - AD 138

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21
Q

How to distinguish Corinthian vases?

A

Rows of fantastical creatures

Painted slip on “reserved” (unpainted) background

Copied from the east, mainstream art

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22
Q

How to distinguish Etrusco-Corinthian pottery?

A

Animal bodies look squeezed into arches and are abstract

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23
Q

The Bernardini Tomb?

A

675-650 BC in Praeneste an Etruscan colony

Dated by 4 proto- Corinthian sherds

Tufa masonry walls

Gold, silver, Ivory (many ivory fragments)x bronze, wood, Amber, glass and iron

Ivory pedestaled cups

A gold kotyle with sphinxes (orientalising)

Hemispherical glass bowl, the earliest one found in W. med.

At least 4 bronze cauldrons, 3 with stands

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24
Q

The Regolini- Galassi Tomb?

A

675-650 BC in Caere (Cerveteri)

Processional wagon, 2 chariots (military and processional), funerary feasting equipment, bucchero figurines

Griffin headed Urartian style cauldron
Golden fibula and pectoral
(Has granulation, embossing, punching )

More gilded silver (Cypro-Phoenician bowls)

Bucchero pedestaled cup

Proto-Corinthian kotyle, Punic-shape silver jug

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25
Urartian cauldrons?
Have female-headed birds, Griffins, Bulls' heads, Lions' heads
26
Tumulus
Dromos into tomb with corbelled vaulting
27
Tomb of the 5 chairs
650-625 BC, Caere Imitates a "pitched roof" ceiling Terracotta seated figurines of the dead
28
Canopic urns
Inland sites in smaller tombs Later 7th c BC to early 6th c BC 6th c BC = more detailed, large heads, seated on a stool
29
House urns?
6th - 5th c BC Imitate houses Originally painted, some inscribed, some terracotta, some local stone, some carvings
30
Chiusi t/c urns
2nd C - 1st C BC Body reclines more over time Representation of deceased dressed for party in afterlife Carvings on side = Greek myth scenes Partly made in moulds, then hand painted
31
Volterran urns
Made of alabaster, not terracotta , therefore they are carved not Moulded Greater variety of subjects 3rd C - early 1st BC
32
Murlo (Poggio Civitate)
7th c BC complex, not a temple Not normal houses, but public buildings, workshops Made from dry mud brick Pitched roofs, terracotta roof tiles (Shows how quickly terracotta technology as adapted by Etruscans as it only started in Greece in 7th c BC, so maybe only a generation prior )
33
Great Altar of Pergamon
Early 2nd c BC Peperino stone, pergamene style Baroque style: florid. Theatrical, emotional
34
How to tell Greek Archaic sculpture of its imitations?
Almond-shaped eyes Pointed chins and noses Beard and hair falls in locks shaped like rolls
35
Attalos I of Pergamon
3rd c BC Hellenistic style
36
Hellenistic style
Big hair, fleshy, undercut eyes looking up, air of divinity Hellenistic rulers emulate Alexander
37
Baroque style
Emotional, anguish, fleshy, uses lots of curves, interlocking of overlapping bodies, theatrical, florid
38
Cult statues in shrine to Hercules along via Tiburtina
Example of pergamene style imitated in local Roman stone Peperino stone, ded. After 2nd Punic war by M. Minucius
39
Hellenistic "idealised heroic ruler"
2nd c BC by style Greek King Demetrios Soter? ... Or Roman General Titus Quinctius Flamininus? Cos. 198 BC, liberator of Greece in 196 BC
40
Shield portrait
Clipeus, found on the walls of the villa at Oplontis late 1st BC - early 1st c AD
41
Short toga
Late republican, c. 80 BC
42
Long toga
Lots of cloth with deep fold, very long Augustan
43
Pudiditia statue
Hellenistic Greek reused in Italy as a funerary statue for Publia Maximina, wife of Sextilius Clemens (130-100 BC) Statues of females made in the pudicitia style, modest, idealised
44
Villa of the Papyri
C. 100 BC with additions Owner perhaps by the Pisones family
45
Hermes and the drunken satyr
Villa of the papyri, Herculaneum
46
Temple of Saturn
Roman forum, 499 BC, rebuilt much later
47
Temple of the Dioscuri
Roman forum, 484 BC, rebuilt later
48
The arch
At least 5th BC Neither Greek not Roman invention central Italy : masonry walls of Greek colony, Velia = early 5th c BC
49
City wall, Falerii Novi (Etruscan town)
Later 3rd c BC
50
Opus quadratum
Mortared Ashlar masonry Eg hours of the surgeon, Pompeii, late 3rd/early 2nd c BC
51
Opus africanum
Interspersed orthostats House of the surgeon, Pompeii, opus africanum for interior walls
52
Opus incertum
Irregular facing, and earliest of true Roman concrete in late 3rd c BC down to 1st c BC
53
Opus reticulatum
Starts by 55c BC
54
Brick face concrete
Augustan period onwards
55
Temple A of the Area Sacra of the Largo Argentina
Maybe Temple of Juturna C. 242 BC Italianised traditional Greek plan Almost fully peripteral Italianised = staircase, high podium, opus incertum
56
Temple D of Largo Argentina
Temple of the Lares Permarini 179 BC Latinised Etruscan Plan Frontal, high platform, can't walk around, simplified Etruscan style
57
Temple C of Largo Argentina
Temple of Feronia c. 290 BC or 225 BC Etruscan Plan Deep front, stairs, platform, frontal, tripartite, cells shrunk, earliest because has oldest style
58
Temple B of Largo Argentina
Temple of Fortunae huius Diei 104 BC Latinised Hellenistic Plan Circular temple, conical roof, columns all round, low podium
59
Temple of Hercules Victor
Forum Boarium 100-80 BC Circular, Corinthian order, low podium Follows Greek model
60
Temple of Fortuna Primogenia
Praeneste, 120-100 BC Opus incertum Stucco work in the Corinthian order Reception hall at bottom of hill - Sullan addition c 80BC, pool with mosaic, images to do with Egypt
61
Earliest use of opus reticulatum
55 BC Theatre of Pompey, Rome
62
Neo-Attic style
Later 2nd c - 1st c BC Imitates classical Athenian style of 5th - 4th c Bc Not "theatrical "
63
Archaising Diana
1st c Bc Pompeii
64
Augustan architecture
Inherently conservative but interested in contemporary Hellenistic architecture Spread of brick face (opus latericum)concrete under Augustus Favoured new version of the Corinthian order New composite capital (ionic volutes + acanthus Corinthian ) Also inhabited capitals = with Rams heads
65
Theatre of Marcellus
Finished 13/11 BC, first example of brick faced concrete in Rome
66
Temple of Castor and Pollux
AD 6 Eastern end of forum
67
Forum of Augustus
2 BC Has temple of Mars ultor
68
Mausoleum of Augustus
Campus Martius, after 31 Opus reticulatum and brick faced
69
Masonry style
From late 4th c BC Coloured stucco, using relief work , common by 2nd c BC
70
Second style
80BC in Rome House of the Griffins, Palatine
71
Odyssey Freize
Early 1st c BC, house on the esquiline hill
72
Villa of Poppaea Sabina at Oplontis
50-40 BC
73
House of Augustus
Palatine, 30-20 BC, brick faced Red room Room of the masks
74
Villa of P . Fannius Synistor,
Boscoreale, c 50-40 BC
75
Pyramid of Cestius, Rome
26-12 BC, earliest datable use of 3rd style
76
House of Agrippa and Julia
20/19 BC
77
Villa of Agrippa Postumus
15 BC Black Room
78
House of M Lucretius Fronto
AD 30-40, Pompeii Transition to 4th style
79
Opus signinum
Form early 3rd c BC Cubic tesserae set randomly into waterproof mortar (signina)
80
House of the centaur
3rd c BC, Pompeii Opus signinum
81
Opus tesselatum
Polychrome, popular 2nd c BC Greatest number of polychrome mosaics in all of Pompeii from House of the Faun
82
House of the Labyrinth
Pompeii, 2nd style room, therefore late republican 1st c BC
83
Mosaics from Neronian period
Becomes more monochrome Samnites House, Herculaneum House of the mosaic Atrium, Herculaneum , 1st c AD = checkerboard like House of the tragic poet = black and white mosaic of dogs
84
Mosaics from Flavian period
Normally monochrome
85
Opus sectile
Use of cut slabs of imported marbles, granites and other stones to form geometric patterns More elaborate as time goes on
86
Intarsia
Mosaic on the walls Takes off mid 1stc AD Glass tesserae = more colours (blues, greens, red, yellow) = house of the mosaic column, Pompeii
87
Stucco
Mostly used on ceilings, particularly barrel vaults In Hellenistic tradition, small use of figures, hand worked on wall of low enough Relief figures always in white until 2nd c AD Late Augustan period = friezes sometimes almost all white = forum baths at Pompeii
88
Forum Pacis
Vespasian's forum, AD 71
89
Pompeii's amphitheatre
Built after 70 BC but probably before 52 BC
90
Domus Flavia/ Augustana
Completed in 92 AD under Domitian Baroque style
91
Arch of Titus
Ded 81 AD Beyond eastern edge of Roman forum
92
Minor arts
Julio-Claidian interest in cameos in sardonyx, opaquely colourised glass and silverware with repossé designs
93
Portland Vase
Probably Augustan
94
Mould blown Flavian
Fewer colours, translucent, taller cups
95
Trajanic glass
Painted?
96
Trajan's column
Ded 113
97
Trajan's markets
AD 100-112 on Quirinal Hill Travertine limestone and opus testaceum 5 levels of shops above plaza

Art And Arch (3 decks)

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