Vit C And B Complex Vitamins

Question 1

Why can bit c deficiency lead to mild anemia?

Answer 1

Because of the reduced iron absorption caused by bit c deficiency

Question 2

What does essential mean in regards to nutrients required by the body?

Answer 2

It means these nutrients can’t be made by the human body - they must be acquired in the diet - food or supplements

Question 3

List the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 3

A
D
E
K

Question 4

Which type of vitamins are stored in the body and where?

Answer 4

Fat soluble - ADEK

Accumulate in adipose tissue

Question 5

Which type of vitamins can be toxic?

Answer 5

Fat soluble - ADEK

Can accumulate in adipose tissue and reach toxic levels

Question 6

Are water soluble vitamins toxic?

Answer 6

Very rarely

Question 7

What is the UK RNI for vitamin c?

Answer 7

40mg

Question 8

Which demographic of people require twice as much vitamin c as the rest of the pop?

Answer 8

Smokers

Question 9

What happens to collagen structure if there isn’t enough vit C?

Answer 9

• SCURVY
• Fe2+ turns into Fe3+ -> hydroxylases can’t translationally hydroxylate proline and lysine
• Without added -OH groups the 3 collagen chains forming procollagen molecule not properly H bonded
• tissue is fragile and can’t function properly

Question 10

Which tissues are particularly affected by scurvy?

Answer 10

Tissues that rapidly turnover - eg PDL

Question 11

How does vitamin C affect iron?

Answer 11

It prevents the oxidation of fe2+ to fe3+

Question 12

What are the initial symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 12

Inflamed gingivae

Question 13

What are the symptoms of scurvy after progression?

Answer 13

Impaired collagen synthesis and weakening connective tissues

Question 14

How do the progressional symptoms of scurvy affect the oral environment?

Answer 14

• impaired wound healing
• bleeding gingivae
• damage of PDL
• tooth looseness due to capillary fragility

Question 15

How many vit B vitamins are there and can you name them?

Answer 15

9

• B1 - thiamine
• B2 - riboflavin
• B3 - niacin
• B5 - pantothenic acid
• B6 - pyridoxine
• B7/8 - biotin
• B9 - folate/folic acid
• B12 - cobalamin

Question 16

Which b vitamins are involved with dna synthesis and cell division?

Answer 16

B9 and b12

Question 17

Which b vitamins are involved in different aspects of energy production?

Answer 17

B1, b2, b3 and b7/8

Question 18

Which b vitamin is involved with amino acid regulation and hormonal regulation?

Answer 18

B6

Question 19

Name some malabsorption conditions that can lead to vit b deficiency.

Answer 19

• crohn’s
• celiac
• HIV
• alcohol misuse

Question 20

What are the oral symptoms of vit B deficiency?

Answer 20

• glossitis
• angular chelosis
• aphthous ulcers

Question 21

Where is folate - B9 - stored?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

What is the RNI for folate?

Answer 22

200ug

Question 23

What are the sources of folate?

Answer 23

Leafy green vegetables
Liver
Nuts
Whole grain cereals

Question 24

What are the functions of folate?

Answer 24

• DNA synthesis
• Cell division
• Nucleic acid synthesis in rapidly growing cells

Question 25

What are the effects of folate deficiency?

Answer 25

- megoblastic anaemia - hair loss - fatigue - birth defects - heart disease (maybe)

Question 26

Why does chemotherapy replicate symptoms of folate deficiency?

Answer 26

Methotrexate - used in chemotherapy- binds to folate redactase x1000 more tightly than folate Prevents folate from reaching active form Hair loss and fatigue

Question 27

How long does folate deficiency take to show?

Answer 27

2-3 months

Question 28

When does numeral tube closure occur?

Answer 28

Around 28th day

Question 29

What is recommended to prevent spinal bífida and anencephaly?

Answer 29

Few months before pregnancy and during pregnancy (or any woman of child bearing age) take 400ug folic acid supplement daily.

Question 30

How may folate reduce the risk of heart disease?

Answer 30

By clearing homocysteine which causes heart problems

Question 31

How does the 400ug supplement of folic acid affect the foetus’ oral health?

Answer 31

Reduces risk of cleft lip with or without cleft palate

Question 32

What is the RNI of B12?

Answer 32

1.5ug

Question 33

How is B12 obtained?

Answer 33

Obtained by eating animals, eggs, diary products - oil produced by microorganisms in animals

Question 34

What is the function of b12?

Answer 34

- folate metabolism - help maintain low homocysteine - blood formation - normal nerve functioning

Question 35

What is the result of insufficient intrinsic factor being produced?

Answer 35

Vit b12 deficiency

Question 36

Which diet puts you at risk of b12 deficiency?

Answer 36

Strict vegetarians and vegans

Question 37

What are the symptoms of b12 deficiency?

Answer 37

- mental problems - fatigue - hair problems - chronic pain - infertility - blood disorders

Question 38

What can b12 deficiency get misdiagnosed as and why?

Answer 38

Folate deficiency When b12 deficiency occurs - most folate trapped as n5-tetrahydrofolate - folate becomes secondary deficiency that can be treated with supplements but there is still the b12 deficiency

Question 39

How do we diagnose b12 deficiency?

Answer 39

- Two step blood test 1. Holotranscobalamin content determined 2. Concentration of metabolic products resulting from lack of b12 determined If both tests are unfavourable - vit b12 deficiency can be assumed

Question 40

What are the oral symptoms of b12 deficiency?

Answer 40

- higher incidence of caries and gingival problems in children with systemic b12 deficiency - folate symptoms - general b complex symptoms

Question 41

Proton pump inhibitors are used to help which disease?

Answer 41

Gastroesogeal reflex disorder

Question 42

Name 3 medications associated with b12 deficiency

Answer 42

- proton pump inhibitors - metformin - levodopa/carbidopa

Question 43

Which medication is associated with B6 deficiency and what is it meant to treat?

Answer 43

Isoniazid | Tuberculosis

Question 44

What is furosemide used as a medication for and which vitamin deficiency is it associated with?

Answer 44

Heart failure | Calcium and magnesium