Vital Signs

Question 1

The Fundamental measurement of life signs

Answer 1

Vital Signs

Question 2

what are the 6 vital signs?

Answer 2

temperature (T)
pulse (P)
respirations (R)
blood pressure (BP)
oxygen saturation (SpO2)
subjective measurement of pain

Question 3

when to asses vital signs

Answer 3

upon admission
if patient is declining or you feel it is needed (depending on meds and procedures)
every 8 hours in a hospital (or as provider has ordered)
at least every 4 hours when vitals are abnormal

Question 4

thermogenisis

Answer 4

the production of heat

Question 5

the amount of heat produced by the body when at total rest

Answer 5

basal metabolic rate

Question 6

how do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 6

(F-32) x 5/9

Question 7

thermoregulation

Answer 7

the regulation of body temperature

Question 8

a comfortable core temperature is known as

Answer 8

the set-point

Question 9

diaphoresis

Answer 9

when sweat production is high enough to be seen on the skin

Question 10

factors that can effect body temp

Answer 10

environment
time of day
gender
exercise
meds
food intake
stress
illness

Question 11

where is a axillary temperature taken

Answer 11

under the armpit

Question 12

what part of the body is a tympanic thermometer used

Answer 12

the ear canal (pointed at the eardrum)

Question 13

normal body temp range

Answer 13

97 degrees F to 99.6 degrees F (98.6 average)

Question 14

febrile

Answer 14

term used to indicate the state of having a fever

Question 15

afebrile

Answer 15

term used to indicate the state of being without a fever

Question 16

what is it called when the body is above 105 degrees

Answer 16

hyperthermia

Question 17

what is it called when your core temp is below 95 degrees F

Answer 17

hypothermia

Question 18

stroke volume

Answer 18

the amount of blood discharged from the left ventricle with each contraction

Question 19

the arterial fluid wave can be palpated as pulsing, tapping and throbbing at various places in the body. This is known as

Answer 19

pulse

Question 20

how is the pulse counted

Answer 20

(bpm) or beats per minute

Question 21

cardiac output

Answer 21

the volume of blood pumped from the heart in 1 minute

Question 22

the central or primary pulse sight where the contraction is strongest

Answer 22

apical pulse

Question 23

(PMI) point of maximum pulse

Answer 23

where the apex of the heart touches the chest wall

Question 24

what are the 2 sounds you hear when listening to the heart (full heart beat)

Answer 24

S1 and S2 (lubb-dupp)

Question 25

how long are apical pulses assessed for

Answer 25

1 FULL minute

Question 26

when the radial pulse is slower than the apical pulse it is known as

Answer 26

a pulse deficit

Question 27

other pulse sights that can be used by applying gentle pressure over the artery against underlying bone is called

Answer 27

peripheral pulses

Question 28

the 8 peripheral pulse sites

Answer 28

``` temporal (temple) carotid (neck) brachial (arm) radial (wrist) - most common femoral (femur area) popliteal (back of knee) posterior tibialis (ankle) dorsalis pedis (top of foot) ```

Question 29

the 3 characteristics of the pulse

Answer 29

rate rhythm volume (strength)

Question 30

a pulse less than normal is known as

Answer 30

bradycardia

Question 31

a pulse higher than normal is known as

Answer 31

tachycardia

Question 32

``` normal bpm for adults newborns 1-2 years 3-18 years ```

Answer 32

newborn 120-160 bpm adults 60-100 bpm 1-2 years 90-120 bpm 3-18 years 80-100 bpm

Question 33

how do you asses pulse rhythm?

Answer 33

if beats are evenly spaced (normal) or if there are differences in the interval lengths (irregular)

Question 34

what scale is used to asses pulse volume (strength)

Answer 34

0 (absent) : not detectable 1+ : a pulse that is faint or difficult to feel 2+ : easily detected and generally described as strong 3+ (bounding): a very strong pulse that does not go away with moderate pressure

Question 35

what is a doppler ultrasound machine

Answer 35

a device that uses soundwaves to determine if blood flow is present

Question 36

the interchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the body

Answer 36

respiration

Question 37

the movement of air into and out of the lung is known as

Answer 37

ventilation

Question 38

inspiration

Answer 38

breathing in

Question 39

expiration

Answer 39

breathing out

Question 40

asses respiration for the following

Answer 40

``` rate per minute depth rhythm pattern respiratory effort ```

Question 41

each respiration consists of

Answer 41

one inspiration and one expiration

Question 42

normal respiration rate for adults?

Answer 42

12-20 called eupnea

Question 43

bradypnea

Answer 43

respiratory rate below 12 per minute

Question 44

tachypnea

Answer 44

20 respirations or more per minute

Question 45

apnea

Answer 45

when respirations are absent | you only have 3-5 minutes to restore breathing before brain damage and death

Question 46

respiration depth is observed by

Answer 46

the amount of chest expansion with each breath (normal adult 300-500mL) known as tidal

Question 47

what is blood pressure

Answer 47

the measurement of the pressure of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries

Question 48

what are the two components of blood pressure readings

Answer 48

systolic pressure | diastolic pressure

Question 49

systolic pressure

Answer 49

measurement of force exerted against the arteries during contraction (systole)

Question 50

diastolic pressure (down time)

Answer 50

the pressure exerted by the blood on the artery walls while the heart ventricles are not contracting (diastole)

Question 51

how do you write blood pressure fraction and units

Answer 51

systolic on top diastolic on bottom units used is millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)

Question 52

pulse pressure

Answer 52

the measurement of difference between systolic and diastolic (normally 30-50 points)

Question 53

normal BP for adults

Answer 53

between 100/60 and 120/80

Question 54

the bell part of the stethoscope is used for

Answer 54

listening to lower pitch sounds (heartbeat)

Question 55

the diaphragm side of a stethoscope is used for listening to

Answer 55

higher pitch sounds ( lung, bowel and BP)