Vital signs

Question 1

two fold benefit of taking vital signs at beginning of appointment

Answer 1

1. establishes a normal for the patient
2. screens for abnormalities (diagnosed or undiagnosed)

Question 2

4 signs of infection

Answer 2

calor (heat)
dolor (pain)
rubor (redness)
tumor (swelling)

Question 3

Viral infections are

Answer 3

parasitic and require host cell.
ex. influenza herpes simples HSV human papilloma HPV and HIV

Question 3

Types of infections (4)

Answer 3

viral
bacterial
fungal
parasitic

Question 4

bacterial infections are

Answer 4

single cell microorganisms

ex. strep throat e coli cellulitis MRSA tuberculosis

Question 5

Fungal infections are

Answer 5

yeast and mold

ex. ringworm thrush histoplasmosis

Question 6

parasitic infections are

Answer 6

live on or in the host

ex. malaria lice tapeworm

Question 7

MRSA

Answer 7

generally start as swollen painful red bumps that might look like pimples or spider bites

Question 8

dry socket is also called

Answer 8

alveolar osteitis

Question 9

Vital signs include

Answer 9

temperature
pulse
respirations
blood pressure

Question 10

temperature

Answer 10

oral 98.6 F

lowest in the morning
highest from 4-6pm

axillary = oral - 1
rectal = oral +1

Question 11

temperature by most methods is accurate but what is important to remember when taking temperature

Answer 11

if it is done incorrectly the reading will be inaccurate and will generally read lower than the true temperature

Question 12

What is a fever?

Answer 12

temperature of 100.4 F / 38 C or higher

rise in body temp and inflammation in various parts of the body

Question 13

what is a low-grade fever?

Answer 13

99.6-100.3 F

Question 14

What is pulse?

Answer 14

number of times your heart beats in one minute

Question 15

females ages 12 and older tend to have _____ heart rate than do males

Answer 15

faster heart rate

Question 16

areas you can check pulse (3)

Answer 16

Radial (wrist)
Brachial (below elbow)
Carotid (neck)

Question 17

how to check / measure pulse

Answer 17

thumb side of inside the wrist

tips of index and middle fingers

take for 30 second then x2

Question 18

normal pulse is

Answer 18

60-100 beats per minute

children = higher pulse
athletes = lower pulse

Question 19

Tachycardia

Answer 19

pulse rate greater than 100 bpm

Question 20

Bradycardia

Answer 20

pulse rate less than 50 bpm

Question 21

pulse can be influenced by

Answer 21

anemia
exercise
anxiety
drugs
fever

Question 22

how to check / take respirations

Answer 22

count breaths

30 seconds x 2

*note the depth and if breathing is labored rapid or ireegular

Question 23

normal respirations =

Answer 23

12-20 breaths per min

children = higher
athletes = lower

Question 24

bradypnea

Answer 24

slow less than 12 breaths per minute

Question 25

tachypnea

Answer 25

rapid more than 20 breaths per minute

Question 26

how many americans have heart disease and why?

Answer 26

half of americans changes to guidelines measuring blood pressure in 2017 changed from 140/90 to 120/80

Question 27

hypertension

Answer 27

increase in attributed to aging population increase in obesity lack of physical activity

Question 28

what are the 2 numbers recorded when measuring blood pressure

Answer 28

systolic pressure - pressure when heart contracts ; higher number ; on top diastolic pressure - pressure when heart is at rest / filling with blood ; lower number ; bottom number

Question 29

when what blood pressure measurement is high causes increased risk of stroke and heart disease?

Answer 29

higher systolic value

Question 30

Systolic Hypertension

Answer 30

if your systolic blood pressure is higher than 130 but your diastolic blood pressure is under 80 common for people > 65

Question 31

what is pulse pressure?

Answer 31

the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure considered a risk factor when it is greater than 60 mmHg normal or safe is less than 45 mmHg

Question 32

stiffness of the aorta (due to age) causes

Answer 32

increased pulse pressure

Question 33

Automated BP cluffs

Answer 33

Arm wrist (not as accurate)

Question 34

When taking BP pt should

Answer 34

remove jacket or sweater arm on armrest or at heart level elbow straight out

Question 35

Patient should not when taking BP

Answer 35

talk have drank caffeinated drink at least 1 hour smoked for at least 15 min have a full bladder

Question 36

which arm do you take BP on?

Answer 36

which ever one is closer to you UNLESS! wound scar or bandage LYMPHEDEMA from mastectomy (do not use same arm)

Question 37

Hypertension who is more likely to have it?

Answer 37

men are more likely until age 45 post menopausal women have increase due to lack of estrogen

Question 38

what percentage of adults who had a cardiovascular incident had BP reading over 140/90

Answer 38

74%

Question 39

Normal blood pressure

Answer 39

120/80 mmHg

Question 40

elevated blood pressure

Answer 40

120-129/80

Question 41

hypertension stage 1

Answer 41

130-139 / 80-89

Question 42

hypertension stage 2

Answer 42

140 + / 90 +

Question 43

Hypertension crisis

Answer 43

higher than 180 / higher than 120 CONSULT DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY

Question 44

when is blood pressure lowest?

Answer 44

at night it rises during the day usually peaking in the middle of the afternoon ] be mindful of a pt with high blood pressure in the morninggggg