Vital Signs

Question 1

Temperature

Answer 1

Normal range is 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, or 37°C.

36.1°C to 37.2°C.
97°F to 99°F

Question 2

How long does it take for temperature to return to normal after end of activity?

Answer 2

30 minutes

Usually changes 1 to 1.5°C.

Question 3

Fever

Answer 3

38°C or 100.4°F.

Contact physician if it is above 38 degrees Celsius or 103°F

Question 4

Hyperpyrexia

Answer 4

Better than 42°C or 107.6°F.

Damage to the brain as possible
It is rare
Upper limit is it by hypothalamus
Can develop a patient with severe infection, but most commonly occur in patients with intracranial hemorrhage is an other CNS lesions or TBI

Question 5

Hyperthermia

Answer 5

Below 95°F or 35°C

Question 6

Initial inspection for respiratory rate

Answer 6

Look at disposition
Distressed, short of breath, noisy Weezy

Question 7

Respiratory rate

Answer 7

Rise and fall of the chest equals one cycle or breath

Question 8

Normal respiratory rate

Answer 8

Adult- 12 to 20 breaths per minute

Infant - 30 to 60
Toddler - 24 to 40
Preschooler - 22 to 34
School-age - 18 to 30
Adolescence - 12 to 16

Question 9

Respiratory rate technique

Answer 9

Hand on shoulder
Focus on shoulder or chest wall and measure the amount of times the chess rises and falls for one minute

Question 10

Pulse oximetry

Answer 10

SPO2
Indirectly measures arterial blood oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood

Question 11

Pulse oximetry normal

Answer 11

95% to 100%

If it is below 90% referral for medical evaluation is advised

There is a percent error of less than plus or minus 2%

Question 12

Factors that impair accuracy of the pulse oximetry

Answer 12

Bright ambient lights on probe
Nail thickness and nail polish
Skin pigmentation
Low peripheral perfusion states
Hypoxemia
Motion artifact
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Anemia

Question 13

Pulse graded scale

Answer 13

0 to 4+

0 indicates no palpable pulse
1 indicates a faint, but detectable pulse
2 is normal
3 is increased or full
4 is bounding pulse

Question 14

Normal values of heart rate

Answer 14

Adults 60 to 100 bpm

Hr is higher for younger children

Question 15

Prevalence of hypertension, in adults 45 to 54 years old

Answer 15

For males is 36.8% and females it’s 32.7%

Question 16

Awareness of hypertension

Answer 16

Only 82%

Question 17

Normal BP values for adult

Answer 17

Systolic- 100 to 120 mmHg
Diastolic- 60 to 80 mmHg
MAP - 72 to105 mmHg

Question 18

Normal systolic and diastolic

Answer 18

Systolic- less than 120
Diastolic - less than 80

Question 19

Elevated blood pressure

Answer 19

Systolic- 120 to 129
Diastolic- less than 80

Question 20

High blood pressure, hypertension, stage one

Answer 20

Systolic- 130 to 139
Diastolic 80 to 89

Question 21

High blood pressure hypertension stage two

Answer 21

Systolic- 140 or higher
Diastolic - 90 or higher

Question 22

Hypertensive crisis

Answer 22

Systolic- higher than 180
Diastolic - higher than 120

Question 23

Children blood pressure categories

Answer 23

Normal- less than 120/ less than 80
Elevated- 120/ less than 80 to 129/ less than 80
Stage 1- 130/80 to 139/89
Stage 2- greater than 140/90

Question 24

Normal pulse pressure

Answer 24

40 to 60mmHg

Question 25

Hypotension

Answer 25

Systolic blood pressure less than 90 Diastolic less than 60 Mean pressure less than 70 This is due to the depletion of blood volume like hemorrhage, or dehydration Cardiogenic insufficiency Acute myocardial infarction Antihypertensive medication

Question 26

Sounds of blood pressure

Answer 26

First sound is the systolic- the ventricular contraction The fifth sound is diastolic the onset of silence- ventricular relaxation

Question 27

Which cuff can you not use during exercise?

Answer 27

You cannot use the automatic oscillometric You can use the manual measurement during exercise

Question 28

Brachial blood pressure

Answer 28

reflect the central blood pressure It may underestimate systolic and overestimate diastolic It doesn’t reflect the response to load

Question 29

Orthostatic intolerance

Answer 29

Hypertension associated with a change of position, typically moving from supine to standing Blood pressure should normalize within one minute This is because of depletion of blood volume , impairment of the baro reflex mediated vasoconstruction, post operative, bed rest, pots

Question 30

Heart rate normal response to change in position

Answer 30

Increase of 5 to 10 bpm

Question 31

Heart rate Abnormal response to change of position

Answer 31

Increase of greater than or equal to 30 bpm

Question 32

Systolic blood pressure, normal response to change in position

Answer 32

Decrease of 10MmHg max

Question 33

Systolic blood pressure abnormal response to change a position

Answer 33

Decrease of greater or equal to 20MmHg with associated onset of symptoms

Question 34

Diastolic blood pressure normal response to changes in position

Answer 34

No change

Question 35

Diastolic blood pressure abnormal response to change in position

Answer 35

Decrease of greater than or equal to 10 mmHg with associated onset of symptoms

Question 36

Hypotension without a compensatory increase in heart rate suggest

Answer 36

Autonomic impairment

Question 37

Marked increase to greater than 100 bpm or by greater than 30 bpm suggest

Answer 37

Hypovolemia and if symptoms develop without hypotension, it’s POTS

Question 38

A blood pressure drop immediately after standing that resolves at three minutes indicates what.

Answer 38

It does not indicate orthostatic hypotension

Question 39

Orthostatic testing

Answer 39

Have patient lying in bed, but they had flat for a minimum of three minutes and preferably five minutes Measure the blood pressure and pulse why the patient is supine Instructed patient to sit for one minute Ask patient about dizziness, weakness visual changes Check pulse and blood pressure If the patient has symptoms associated with position, change or sitting, blood pressure is greater than 90/60 with symptoms Put patient back to bed. Instruct patient to stand Ask about dizziness, weakness visual changes If patient is unable to stand, set, patient upright with legs dangling over the edge Patient should be permitted to resume supine position immediately, if near syncope Measure blood pressure and pulse immediately after patient has stood up, then repeat measurements. Three minutes after patient stands.

Question 40

Normal response to aerobic exercise

Answer 40

Withdrawal of baroreceptor, mediated control, increase SA node firing rate

Question 41

Blood pressure response to aerobic exercise normal

Answer 41

Systolic- 10MmHg increase per change in workload Diastolic- minimal, increase none or slight decrease

Question 42

Normal heart rate response to aerobic exercise

Answer 42

10 bpm increase per change in workload

Question 43

Heart rate in systolic blood pressure may be different and older patients for aerobic exercise

Answer 43

Trends should still be progressive without significant change in diastolic blood pressure Maximum heart rate declines with age at a rate of .7 bpm every year

Question 44

resistance training

Answer 44

Elicits a more pronounced BP response Diastolic should not increase more than 20 mmHg Immense change, in BP is due to Sympathetic, vasoconstruction, and non-exercising vascular beds Mechanical compression of the blood vessels in the exercising muscle beds Changes in BP are oscillatory and related to the phase of the lift BP Increases to max values are encountered during the concentric lifting phase Pressure declines often to below resting values at the completion of the lift Increases again during the eccentric phase lower than concentric Restoration of baseline at rest is similar to that of endurance exercise

Question 45

Post exercise hypotension

Answer 45

Presence of a prolonged decrease in resting blood pressure in the minutes in hours, following a cute exercises Dose dependent Higher intensity exercises result in greater reductions in BP People with higher baseline BP demonstrate greater PEH compared to people with normal BP