- Force exerted by the blood against the blood vessels - Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

Vital Signs Flashcards by SALINAS, Shayne Madeline S.

Blood pressure

Force exerted by the blood against the blood vessels
Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

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Normal ________ cycle __ reaches peak that is followed by ____ point, in the cycle.

Cardiac
BP
Low

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During ________: Left _______ pumps blood into the aorta (biggest ______)

Systole
Ventricle
Artery

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_______: during _______ as the ventricle relax.

Trough
Diastole

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BP reaches peak (_______) that is followed by low point (_____)

Systolic
Diastolic

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Minimal pressure exerted against arterial walls

Diastolic pressure

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Where is the systolic reading?
120/80 mmHg

120

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Where is diastolic reading?
120/80 mmHg

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What organization said that BP should be regularly measure in sitting, supine, followed by standing provides that the arm is placed in the heart (right atrium)?

World Health Organization (WHO)

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Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

Pulse Pressure

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Pressure is 120/80 mmHg; pulse pressure is___ mmHg

40 mmHg

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Systolic -______= _____

Diastolic
Pulse Pressure

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Pulse pressure that is not normal due to heart failure, blood loss, trauma)

Narrow/ Low pulse pressure

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Low PP= (<__ mmHg)

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Consistently high= arteriosclerosis

Wide/High Pulse Pressure

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A type of vascular disease where the blood vessels carrying oxygen away from the heart (arteries) become damaged from factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes and certain genetic influences.

Arteriosclerosis

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High PP= (>__ mmHg)

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Maximize pressure of blood exerted on the arterial wall at the peak of the contraction of the left ventricle.

Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)

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Minimum pressure of blood exerted when the left ventricle is at rest but receives blood from atrium.

Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP)

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Recommendations: Healthy lifestyle choices and yearly checks.

Normal Blood Pressure
<120 mmHg
<80 mmHg

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Recommendations: healthy lifestyle changes, reassess on 3-6 months

Elevated Blood Pressure
120-129
<80

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Recommendations: 10-year heart disease and stroke risk assessment. If less than 10% risk, lifestyle changes, reassessed in 3-6 months. If higher, lifestyle changes and medication with mostly follow-ups with BP controlled.

High Blood Pressure/ Stage 1
130-139
80-89

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Recommendations: lifestyle changes and 2 different classes of medicine, with monthly follow-ups until BP is controlled.

High Blood Pressure/ Stage 2
>140
>90

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90/60 mmHg

Borderline low blood pressure

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60/40 mmHg

Too low blood pressure

50/33 mmHg

Dangerously low blood pressure

Most serious and dangerous to organs. It can damage kidneys.

Low blood pressure

When the systolic is high but the diastolic is normal.

Isolated Systolic Hypertension

Equipments for BP

Sphygmomanometer Stethoscope

4 locations in taking the BP

Radial Artery Brachial artery Dorsalis pedis artery Popliteal artery

R: If arm dangles, client may perform isometric exercises that can increase _______ pressure __%

Diastolic 10

Position cuff ____cm (1 inch) above site of brachial pulsation (________ space).

2.5 Antecubital

Loose fitting of cuff causes_______readings.

False high

Eye level placement ensures _____ reading of mercury level.

Accurate

When no stethoscope palpate the radial artery then when the pulse stops add ______

30 mmHg

Proper stethoscope placement ensures optimal _______ ______.

Sound receptions

Stethoscope improperly positioned causes _____ sounds that often results in false ___ systolic and false ____ diastolic pressure.

Muffled Low High

First __________ sound indicated systolic pressure

Korotkoff

_______ korotkoff sound involves distinct muffling of sounds and is recommended by _______ Heart ________ as indication of diastolic pressure in ________.

Fourth American Association Children

_____ can be measured in ° fahrenheit and _______

Temperature °C

Sites for getting temperature

Oral, rectal, and Axillary

Appropriate sire for the ______ age and ______ condition.

Patient's Physical

Under the control of _________ the body's core temperature is maintained within- or +0.6°C

Hypothalamus (regulates the temp.)

How is body heat produced?

1. Exercise- walking, doing activities 2. Eating- metabolism of food (kinetic energy in cells)

How is body heat lost?

Skin- sweat glands by perspiration Lungs through breathing during ventilation

Types of temperature of the body

Shell temperature of the body and core temperature of the body

The ____ includes the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and the _____.

Shell Limbs

The temperature of the shell ______ widely according to the environmental conditions.

Fluctuates

Refers to the temp. Of the internal environment of the body.

Core temperature of the body

This includes organs such as _____, liver, and the ______.

Heart Blood

Types of thermometer

-Glass/thermometer thermometer -Electromic thermometer -Infrared thermometer -Chemical thermometer -Digital thermometer

Aims to reduce the use of mercury for commercial purposes globally.

February 2001 *MERCURY REDUCTION AND DISPOSAL ACT*

Measurement Freezing point Boiling point

Fahrenheit Celsius 32°F 0°C 212°F 100°C

Normal body temperature range:

35.9 to 38.1°C- normal in rectal

Normal body temperature

36.5-37.5°C-normal in rectal and axilla

Shell outside Core inside

35.8-37.4 36.4-37.3

Hyperthermia(oral)

>41.1°C

Hypothermia(rectal)

<35°C

Oral Rectal Equivalent Axillary Equivalent

37 37.5 36.4

Most accessible site Çomfortable for the client For awake patients

Oral route

T.range of oral route

36.5 to 375°C

Duration for oral route

2-3 minutes

T. Range for axilla route

35.9 to 36.9

For infants, young children, and patients with impaired immune system

Axilla route

Duration for axilla route

5 minutes

Provide very reliable measurement Uses lubricant if possible For infants, young children and confused or unconscious pateints

Rectal route

T. Range for rectal route

37.1 to 38.1

Duration for rectal route

3-5 minutes

Non-invasive Çomfortable for clients Very reliable Used infrared light Quick

Tympanic route

T. Range for tympanic route

36.8 to 37.8

Duration for tympanic route

2-3 seconds or when the thermometer sounds

Having a body temperature that varies with the temperature of the surroundings. Ex. Cold-blooded animals

Poikilothermic

Maintains constant internal body temperature, usually within narrow ange of temperatures

Homeothermic

When it senses your internal temperature becoming too low or high, it sends signals to your muscles, organs, glands, and nervous system.

Hypothalamus

Factors affecting body temperature (FACGEEI)

Food Age Climate Gender Exercise and activity Emotions Illness and injury

Before using the thermometer. In cleaning the thermometer we shourt

Start at the bulb(tip) to the stem(center) in circular motion

Reflects the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

Pulse rate

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