Vital signs Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
What are the Vital signs (4)
A
❖Arterial pulse
❖Blood pressure
❖Respiratory rate
❖Temperature
2
Q
pressure wave generated by ejection of blood into the circulation from the left ventricle
A
Arterial pulse
3
Q
3 sites to find Arterial pulse
A
Radial pulse
Brachial pulse
Carotid pulse
4
Q
Beats per min
A
Heart Rate
5
Q
regular or not
To describe ….
A
Rhythm
6
Q
perceived degree
of pulsation
A
Volume
7
Q
pulse waveform
impression or shape
A
Character
8
Q
brachial, carotid or femoral
Best to feel ….
A
Volume + Character
9
Q
Radial artery
Best to feel ….
A
Rate + Rhythm
10
Q
Normal heart rate at rest is
A
60-100beat/min
11
Q
If the rhythm is irregular, better to ….. and check …..
A
count the for full one
minute
heart rate by the stethoscope
12
Q
Bradycardia is defined as ……
A
pulse rate of < 60 bpm
13
Q
Tachycardia is defined as
A
rate of > 100 bpm
14
Q
Exercise
Cause …….
A
Tachycardia sinus rhythm
15
Q
Pain
Cause …….
A
Tachycardia sinus rhythm
16
Q
Excitement/ anxiety
Cause …….
A
Tachycardia sinus rhythm
17
Q
Fever
Cause …….
A
Tachycardia sinus rhythm
18
Q
Hyperthyroidism
Cause …….
A
Tachycardia sinus rhythm
19
Q
Sympathominetics eg. Salbutamol
Cause …….
A
Tachycardia sinus rhythm
20
Q
Vasodilators
Cause …….
A
Tachycardia sinus rhythm
21
Q
Sleep
Cause …….
A
Bradycardia sinus rhythm
22
Q
Athletic training
Cause …….
A
Bradycardia sinus rhythm
23
Q
Hypothyroidism
Cause …….
A
Bradycardia sinus rhythm
24
Q
Beta-blockers
Cause …….
A
Bradycardia sinus rhythm
25
Digoxin
Cause …….
Bradycardia sinus rhythm
26
Verapamil, diltiazem
Cause …….
Bradycardia sinus rhythm
27
Sinus arrhythmia
Sinus rhythm irregular pulse
28
Atrial extrasystoles
Sinus rhythm irregular pulse
29
Ventricular extrasystole
Sinus rhythm irregular pulse
30
Atrial fibrillation
Arrhythmic tachycardia / Arrhythmia irregular pulse
31
Atrial flutter
Arrhythmic tachycardia
32
Supraventricular tachycardia
Arrhythmic tachycardia
33
Ventricular tachycardia
Arrhythmic tachycardia
34
Caroited sinus
Arrhythmic bradycardia
35
Hypersensitivity
Arrhythmic bradycardia
36
Sick sinus syndrome
Arrhythmic bradycardia
37
2nd-degree heart block
Arrhythmic bradycardia
38
Complete heart block
Arrhythmic bradycardia
39
Atrial flutter with variable responses
Arrhythmia irregular pulse
40
2nd-degree hear block with variable response
Arrhythmia irregular pulse
41
regular, but heart rate varies with the respiratory cycle, particularly in children, young adults or athletes
Sinus rhythm
42
sinus arrhythmia/physiological arrythmia
Other names of …….
Sinus rhythm
43
there may be an underlying regularity to the pulse, interspersed with periods of irregularity
Intermittent extrasystoles (ectopics) or second-degree atrioventricular block
44
Intermittent extrasystoles (ectopics) or second-degree atrioventricular block
sometimes referred to as …..
regularly irregular
45
Pulse has no appreciable pattern ‘irregularly irregular’
Atrial fibrillation (AF)
46
Pulse volume varies
Atrial fibrillation (AF)
47
Pulse deficit
Atrial fibrillation (AF)
48
A large pulse volume is a reflection of ………
large pulse pressure
49
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in exercise
is ……..
Physiological
50
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in pregnancy
is ……..
Physiological
51
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in advanced age
is ……..
Physiological
52
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in increased environmental temperature
is ……..
Physiological
53
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in hypertension
is ……..
Pathological
54
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in fever
is ……..
Pathological
55
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in thyrotoxicosis
is ……..
Pathological
56
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in anemia
is ……..
Pathological
57
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in aortic regurgitation
is ……..
Pathological
58
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in Padget’s disease of bone
is ……..
Pathological
59
The large pulse volume and large pluse pressure in peripheral atrioventricular shunt
is ……..
Pathological
60
Severe heart failure has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..
Low
Reduced stroke volume
61
Hypovolemia has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..
Low
Reduced ventricular filling
62
Cardiac tamponade has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..
Low
Reduced ventricular filling
63
Mitral stenosis has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..
Low
Reduced ventricular filling
64
Coarctation of the aorta has ……. Pulse volume because of ……..
Low
impaired blood flow
65
Atherosclerosis or stenosis of peripheral arteries
Asymmetric pulses
66
Aortic dissection
Asymmetric pulses
67
gradual upstroke with a reduced peak occurring late in systole, and is a feature of severe aortic stenosis
Slow-rising pulse
68
occurring late in systole
Slow-rising pulse
69
feature of severe aortic stenosis
Slow-rising pulse
70
peak of the pulse wave arrives early and is followed by a rapid fall in pressure
Collapsing pulse
71
exaggerated by raising the patient’s arm above the level of the heart
Collapsing pulse
72
may occur with severe aortic regurgitation
Collapsing pulse
73
Double systolic peak, is classically produced by concomitant aortic stenosis and regurgitation
Pulsus bisferiens
74
Beat-to-beat variation in pulse volume with a normal rhythm, may occur in advanced heart failure
Pulsus alternans
75
may occur in advanced heart failure
Pulsus alternans
76
Exaggeration of the normal variability of pulse volume with breathing
Pulsus paradoxus
77
usually due to accumulation of pericardial fluid (cardiac tamponade) but can occur to a lesser extent with pericardial constriction and in acute severe asthma
Pulsus paradoxus
78
can occur to a lesser extent with pericardial constriction and in acute severe asthma
Pulsus paradoxus
79
measure of the pressure that the circulating blood exerts against the arterial walls
Blood pressure (BP)
80
provides vital information on the hemodynamic condition of patients
Blood pressure (BP)
81
maximal pressure that occurs during ventricular contraction (systole)
Systolic pressure
82
maximal pressure that occurs during ventricular filling
Diastole pressure
83
BP constantly varies and rises with (3)
stress, excitement and
environment
84
BP Reading record as
BP, which arm, position of patient
Eg. BP 146/92 mmHg, right arm, supine
85
transient increase in BP caused by the stress of being in a healthcare setting
White coat hypertension
86
Different BP in each arm
difference of >10 mmHg on repeated measurements suggests the presence of ……
aortic or subclavian artery disease
87
In Different BP in each arm Record the …………. and use this to guide management
highest pressure
88
Proper cuff size
bladder should be approximately
80% of the length
40% of the width
of the upper arm circumference
89
standard adult cuff has a bladder that measures approximately …….
and suits an arm circumference of ……
13×30 cm
22–26 cm
90
In obese patients a standard adult cuff will
overestimate BP
91
In obese patients use large adult bladder (…….)
16×38 cm
92
sounds appear at systolic pressure and disappear for an interval between systolic and diastolic pressure
Korotkoff sounds
93
Korotkoff sounds found in
up to 20% of elderly hypertensive patients
94
If the first appearance of Korotkoff sound is missed, the systolic pressure will be recorded at …….
falsely low level
95
If the first appearance of Korotkoff sound is missed, the systolic pressure will be recorded at a falsely low level.
Avoid this by…….
palpating the systolic pressure first
96
Appropriate level of patient’s arm
patient’s elbow should be level with the heart
97
Hydrostatic pressure causes
change of approximately 5 mmHg in recorded systolic and diastolic BP
for a 7 cm change in arm elevation
98
Respiratory rate (RR)
Should be ….
Quietly observe and time without drawing the patient’s attention to it
99
drawing the patient’s attention to respiratory rate observe and time may cause it to change
To avoid that ……
Feeling the radial pulse, while timing breathing
100
At rest (adult), RR is normally
12–20 breaths per minute
101
Tachypnea, RR is
>20
102
Bradypnea, RR is
<10
103
Avoid the use of glass thermometers with mercury, why?
The glass can break, and mercury is a poison
104
Electronic thermometers are most often suggested. The probe can be placed in ….. (3)
mouth, rectum, or armpit
105
results are less accurate than with probe thermometers
Electronic ear thermometers
106
more accurate than ear thermometers and their accuracy is similar to probe thermometers
Electronic forehead thermometers
107
When probe placed in the mouth
Place it under the tongue and close the mouth
Keep it for 3 minutes or until the device beeps
108
When probe placed in the Rectum
Used for infants and small children who cannot hold a thermometer safely in their mouth
Put some lubricant gel on the bulb of a rectal thermometer
Place the child face down on a flat surface or lap Spread the buttocks and insert the bulb end about 1 to 2.5 centimeters into the anal canal
Remove after 3 minutes or when the device beeps
109
When probe placed in the Armpit
Press the arm against the body.
Wait for 5 minutes before reading
110
measurement of body temperature can help …… (2)
detect illness
monitor whether or not treatment is working
111
normal' oral temperature may range between
35.8°C and 37.2°C (Mean 36.5)
112
'normal' Rectal temperature is about
0.5°C higher than oral
113
'normal' axillary temperature is about
0.5°C lower than oral
114
increase in body temperature
(morning oral temperature >37.2°C
Or
afternoon temperature of >37.7°C)
Fever
115
core temperature <35°c
Hypothermia
116
temperature above 41.1°C
Hyperpyrexia
117
Respiratory rate (RR) in Anxiety
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
118
Respiratory rate (RR) in Pain
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
119
Respiratory rate (RR) in Asthma
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
120
Respiratory rate (RR) in Metabolic acidosis
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
121
Respiratory rate (RR) in Chest injury
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
122
Respiratory rate (RR) in Pneumothorax
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
123
Respiratory rate (RR) in Pulmonary embolus
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
124
Respiratory rate (RR) in Brain stem stroke
Described as ….
Tachypnoea
125
Respiratory rate (RR) in Cardiac arrest
Described as ….
Bradypnoea/ apnoea
126
Respiratory rate (RR) in Opioids/ other sedative overdose
Described as ….
Bradypnoea/ apnoea
127
Respiratory rate (RR) in Central neurological causes (stroke, head injury)
Described as ….
Bradypnoea/ apnoea
