Vital Signs

Question 0

When should you assess vital signs?

Answer 0

When the HCP orders them, 1st admitted ,change in health status/new symptoms, before/after surgery/invasive procedure, before/after certain meds, and before/after any intervention that could affect vitals.

Question 1

What are the 6 vital signs?

Answer 1

Body temp, pulse, respirations, blood pressure, oxygen sat, and pain.

Question 2

What is normal core body temperature?

Answer 2

96.6-99.8

Question 3

Core temp can be assessed through what sites?

Answer 3

Rectal and tympanic

Question 4

What are some precautions to consider when taking a surface temperature?

Answer 4

The temp rises and falls in response to environment

Question 5

What are some surface temp sites?

Answer 5

Skin, oral, and axillary

Question 6

Shivering does what?

Answer 6

Increases heat production

Question 7

Sweating is stopped to…

Answer 7

Prevent heat loss

Question 8

Vasoconstriction does what?

Answer 8

Decreases heat loss

Question 9

Epinephrine does what?

Answer 9

Increase heat production

Question 10

Sweating does what?

Answer 10

Increases heat loss

Question 11

Peripheral vasodilation does what?

Answer 11

Increases heat loss

Question 12

What is hypothermia?

Answer 12

Less than 95.0

Question 13

What is pyrexia?

Answer 13

100.4-104

Question 15

What is hyperpyrexia?

Answer 15

105.8-107.6

Question 16

Temperature in older adults is what compared to middle adults?

Answer 16

lower

Question 17

What are some lifespan considerations for older adults?

Answer 17

buildup of earwax, and hemorrhoids likely

Question 18

When should you not use a oral temperature?

Answer 18

When the child is under 3 years old

Question 19

A characteristic of heat stroke is what?

Answer 19

Dry skin (no sweat) and temp over 106

Question 20

Characteristics of heat exhaustion?

Answer 20

Dizzy, nauseous, temp of 101-102

Question 21

Interventions for pyrexia include?

Answer 21

limit physical activity, provide oral hygiene, tepid sponge bath, dry clothes/linens, provide adequate fluid (2500-3000mL)

Question 22

Peripheral pulses is located where?

Answer 22

away from the heart

Question 23

Apical pulse is located where?

Answer 23

apex of the heart

Question 24

What is normal pulse rate?

Answer 24

60-100 bpm

Question 25

How is pulse rate affected by fluid loss?

Answer 25

it goes up

Question 26

Standing for long periods of time does what to pulse rate?

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

How does exercise affect pulse rate?

Answer 27

increases

Question 28

Is pulse rate higher in males of females?

Answer 28

females

Question 29

What is the most reliable pulse site?

Answer 29

apical

Question 30

When should you assess pulse at the apical site?

Answer 30

When the person in under 3 years of age or if you get an irregular reading at a peripheral site

Question 31

When should you not use the radial pulse site?

Answer 31

on children under 3

Question 32

Auscultation may be done over clothing or only on bare skin?

Answer 32

only on bare skin

Question 33

What is bradycardia?

Answer 33

slow heart rate less than 60 bpm

Question 34

What is tachycardia?

Answer 34

elevated heart greater than 100 bpm

Question 35

Do older or younger people have higher heart rates?

Answer 35

younger

Question 36

The apical pulse is never what compared to the radial pulse?

Answer 36

lower

Question 37

The Allen's test is used for what?

Answer 37

to check collateral circulation

Question 38

What is an arrhythmia?

Answer 38

irregular pulse rhythm

Question 39

What is blood flow called?

Answer 39

perfusion

Question 40

What causes pulse deficit?

Answer 40

wave of pulse is too weak to be felt or vascular disease

Question 41

Heart murmurs are common in what age group?

Answer 41

newborns

Question 42

You should assess pulse in newborns how?

Answer 42

in supine position and before taking temperature

Question 43

In what age group does pulse return to baseline slowly after exercise?

Answer 43

older adults

Question 44

What is normal respiration rate?

Answer 44

12-20 a minute

Question 45

What age group has a higher resp rate?

Answer 45

children (15-25)

Question 46

How long do you assess resp for children/infants?

Answer 46

60 seconds

Question 47

What is eupnea?

Answer 47

normal rate and depth of respiration

Question 48

What is tachypnea?

Answer 48

rapid/shallow resp

Question 49

What is bradypnea?

Answer 49

abnormally slow resp, less than 12

Question 50

What is apnea?

Answer 50

stop breathing

Question 51

what is hyperpnea?

Answer 51

exaggerated, deep, labored resp

Question 52

what is hyperventilation?

Answer 52

over expansion of lungs

Question 53

what is hypoventilation?

Answer 53

under expansion of lungs

Question 54

what is Kussmaul's

Answer 54

hyperventilation

Question 55

what is cheyeene-stokes and who does it usually occur in?

Answer 55

rhythmic waning of resp and it occurs in chronic patients as well as over doses.

Question 56

Biot's (cluster) is what and most common where?

Answer 56

shallow breathing interrupted by apnea due to injury to central nervous system

Question 57

what is dyspnea?

Answer 57

persistent unsatisfied need for air

Question 58

what is orthopnea?

Answer 58

easier to breath sitting/standing up

Question 59

What are retractions related to?

Answer 59

struggling to breath

Question 60

Audible sounds during breathing indicates what?

Answer 60

difficulty breathing

Question 61

what is pulse oximetry?

Answer 61

amount of hemoglobin, saturated with oxygen

Question 62

what is normal oxygen saturation?

Answer 62

94-99%

Question 63

what is hypoxemia?

Answer 63

less than 90% oxygen sat

Question 64

what are characteristics of orthostatic hypotension?

Answer 64

drop in 20+ from systolic and drop in 10+ from diastolic

Question 65

what are blood pressure sounds referred as?

Answer 65

Korotoff sounds

Question 66

What blood pressures should be reported?

Answer 66

systolic greater than 140 or less than 100, and diastolic greater than 90

Question 67

what are diurnal variations in bp?

Answer 67

lower bp in mornings

Question 68

race consideration when taking bp?

Answer 68

african americans over 35 have higher bp

Question 69

does bp increases or decrease with age?

Answer 69

increase

Question 70

who has a higher bp, males or females?

Answer 70

males after puberty and females after menopause

Question 71

what is hypertension?

Answer 71

persistently elevated bp @ 2 different times

Question 72

what is primary hypertension?

Answer 72

unknown source

Question 73

what is secondary hypertension?

Answer 73

known source

Question 74

what is orthostatic hypertension?

Answer 74

bp falls when client stands/sits

Question 75

bp at the thigh is what compared to the arm?

Answer 75

systolic is 10-40 higher

Question 76

normal pulse pressure is what?

Answer 76

30-40