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Vital signs Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

These provide critical information regarding a patient’s current or changing physiological status

A

Vital signs

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2
Q

3 reasons why you should evaluate vital signs

A
  1. Establish a baseline
  2. Identify abnormal values that may impact decision for an activity
  3. Assess pt response to treatment
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3
Q

What is the difference between pulse rate and heart rate

A

Pulse rate - number of arterial pulsations felt
Heart rate - number of times the heart contracts in a period of time (what you can hear)

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4
Q

What are the 3 things to measure when getting HR/PR

A

Rate (bpm)
Rhythm
Volume

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5
Q

What bpm is normal for an adult

A

60-100

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6
Q

What is bradycardia

A

hr of <60

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7
Q

what is tachycardia

A

hr of >100

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8
Q

Descriptions of rhythm for HR

A

regular
Irregular
Regularly irregular (irregular but does it consistently)

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9
Q

What is auscultation

A

anytime you listen to a sound w/ a stethoscope

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10
Q

Where can you assess pthe ulse rate

A

Carotic artery
Radial artery
Brachial artery
Peripheral (popliteal, dorsalis pedis, femoral, posterior tibial)

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11
Q

Normal values for HR
Neonates (1-28 days)
Infants (1-12 months)
Children (1-8 yrs)
Adults

A

Neonates (1-28 days) - 120-160
Infants (1-12 months) - 100-120
Children (1-8 yrs) - 80-100
Adults - 60-100

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12
Q

Factors affecting HR

A

Age
Sex
Fitness
Activity/metabolic rate
Environment
Fever
Drugs

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13
Q

This indicates how much blood is being pumped into the arterial tree

A

Pulse amplitude/volume

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14
Q

What 3 things influence pulse volume

A

How much volume
How forceful
Any obstruction, patency (how open is the vessel)

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15
Q

Pulse volume grades

A

0, absent, no pulse
1+, Thready, faint but detectable
2+, Weak, Slightly diminished
3+, normal, easily palpable
4+, bounding, stronger than normal

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16
Q

Force exerted by the blood against an area of the vessel wall

A

blood pressure

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17
Q

Systole

A

Ventricles contract, pumping blood throughthe body

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18
Q

Diastole

A

ventricles relax allowing the filling of blood in the heart chambers

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19
Q

Symptoms with too high blood pressure

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A

Stroke, heart failure, tissue damage

20
Q

Symptoms with too low blood pressure

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A

Shock, fainting, ischemia

21
Q

How much time is the heart in systolie

22
Q

Mean arterial pressure (MAP)

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A

(SBP + 2DBP)/3

23
Q

Pulse pressure

24
Q

What does systolic BP tell us

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A

amount of blood being pumped into the arterial tree

Effectiveness of heart as a pump

25
What does diastolic BP tell us
Elasticity of blood vessels Amount of resistance in the systematic vasculature
26
Methods to assess blood pressure
Invasive (arterial line - direct measure) Palpation (SBP only) Auscultation Automatic (oscillometry)
27
Normal values for BP Neonates (1--28 days) Infants (1-24 months) Children (1-8 yrs) Adults
Neonates (1-28 days) - Systolic >60 Infants (1-12 months) - Systolic - 70-95 Children (1-8 yrs) - Systolic - 80-110 Adults - varies Diastolic is highly variable in all of these
28
What are the units of BP, what is it measured in
mmHg milimeters of mercury
29
Blood pressure categories Normal
Systolic less than 120 and Diastolic less than 80
30
Blood pressure categories Elevated
Systolic 120-129 and diastolic less than 80
31
Blood pressure categories High blood pressure (hypertension) stage 1
Systolic 130-139 OR diastolic 80-89
32
Blood pressure categories High blood pressure (hypertention) stage 2`
Systolic 140 or higher OR diastolic 90 or higher
33
Blood pressure categories Hypertensive crisis
Systolic Higher than 180 AND/OR diastolic higher than 120
34
Tells you how fast someone is breathing per minute
Respiratory rate
35
What to measure and document for the respiratory rate
Rate Depth Ease of breathing Sounds
36
Normal values for respiratory rate Neonates (1-28 days) Infants (1-12 months) Children (1-8 yrs) Adults
Neonates (1-28 days) - 40-60 Infants (1-12 months) - 25-50 Children (1-8 yrs) - 15-30 Adults - 12-20
37
What is br/min >20
Tachypnea or hyperventilation
38
what is br/min <12
bradypnea or hypoventilations
39
What to record for respiratory depth
Normal Shallow Deep
40
What to record for ease of breathing
Labored Difficult Painful
41
What to record for respiratory sounds
Nose/Mouth Fluid in lung Diaphram vs chest
42
Purpose of temperature
indication of metabolic rate/state Indication of fever/illness
43
Methods for measuring temp
Tympanic Axillary Oral Rectal
44
Normal values for body temp Infants & children <15 yrs Adult males Adult females
Infants and children - 95.9-99.5 Male - 96.3-99.9 Female - 97.2-100.6
45
Measures oxygenation of the blood and what is a normal measurment
Pulse oximetry 95-500%

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