Vital Signs

Question 0

Normal adult temp?

Oral/tympanic?
Rectal?
Axillary?

Body temp figured?

Answer 0

36C-38C (96.8-100.4 F)

Oral/ tump- 37C (98.6F)
Rectal - 37.5C (99.5F)
Auxiliary- 36.5C(97.7F)

Heat produced- heat lost= body temp

Question 1

What controls body temp?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Has a “set point”

Question 2

Pulse pressure

Answer 2

30-50mmHg

Systolic- diastolic = PP

Question 3

Norm adult Resp?

Answer 3

12-20 breaths/min

Question 4

What controls heat loss?

Answer 4

Anterior hypothalamus

Becomes hot beyond set point sweating, vasodilation, body redistributes blood to surface to prompt heat loss (flushed skin)

Question 5

What controls heat production?

Answer 5

Posterior hypothalamus

Senses body temp is lower than set point activates heat conservative mechs. Vasoconstriction, muscle constriction and shivering.

Question 6

BMR

Answer 6

Basal metabolic rate

Accounts for heat production by body at absolute rest.

Question 7

Who has higher BMR men or women?

Answer 7

Men

Question 8

Nonshivering thermogenesis

Answer 8

Mostly in neonates. It is vascular brown tissue present at birth that metabolizes for heat production.

Because neonates can’t shiver.

Question 9

Heat loss radiation

Answer 9

Transfer of heat from one surface to another.
Ex vasodilation draws blood from internal structures to skin to increase radiant heat loss.
Ex if environment is warmer than skin body absorbs heat through radiation

Question 10

Laying in the fetal position enhances or minimizes radiation heat loss?

Answer 10

Minimizes- smaller exposed surface area

Question 11

Heat loss conduction

Answer 11

Transfer of heat from one object to another. Warm skin touching cooler object. Applying ice packs or bathing pts.

Question 12

Convection heat loss

Answer 12

Transfer of heat away by air movement. Ex a fan.

Question 13

Diaphoresis

Answer 13

Visible perspiration.

Question 14

When is human body temp lowest?

Answer 14

Between 1- 4 am.

Question 15

When is the human body at its maximum temperature?

Answer 15

1600 (4pm)

Question 16

Normal changes is body temp throughout the day is called?

Answer 16

Circadian rhythm

(People who work at night and sleep in the day usually take 1-3 wks before rhythm changes) very stable rhythm.

Question 17

Mild hypothermia

Moderate hypothermia

Severe

Answer 17

34-36C 93.2-96.8F

30-34C- 86.0-93.2F

<86F

Question 18

Cellular hypoxia

Answer 18

Inadequate oxygen

Question 19

Myocardial hypoxia produces?

Answer 19

Angina, chest pain

Question 20

Cerebral hypoxia produces

Answer 20

Confusion

Question 21

Body temp of 40C 104F is defined as?

Answer 21

Heatstroke

Prolonged exposure to high heat or sun.

High mortality rate

Question 22

Patients at risk for heat stroke

Answer 22

CVD
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes
Alcoholism

Question 23

Signs and symptoms of heatstroke

Answer 23

Giddiness
Confusion
Delirium 
Excess thirst
Nausea
Muscle cramps
Visual disturbances
Incontinence

Question 24

Vital signs of heatstroke

Answer 24

BT as high as 45C 113F Increase HR Low BP Dry hot skin

Question 25

Interventions for frostbite

Answer 25

Gradual warming, analgesia, protection of injured tissue

Question 26

Cardiac output is?

Answer 26

The volume of blood pumped by the heart during 1 min.

Question 27

Acceptable HR ranges per age ``` Infant Toddler Preschooler School-aged Adolescent Adult ```

Answer 27

``` Infant. 120-160 Toddler 90-140 Preschooler 80-110 School-aged 75-100 Adolescent 60-90 Adult 60-100 ```

Question 28

Factors in increases pulses

Answer 28

``` Exercise Temp Emotions Drugs Hemorrhage Postural changes Pulmonary conditions ```

Question 29

Pulse deficit

Answer 29

Condition when radial pulse is less than apical rate or as seen on ECG

Question 30

How do you have a child correct a sinus dysrhythmia? It's a heartbeat that speeds up with inspiration and decreases with expiration

Answer 30

Tell them to hold their breathe for a bit and HR usually regulates.

Question 31

Rating HR strength

Answer 31

``` 4+ bounding 3+ full or strong 2+ normal expected 1+ diminished 0 absent ```

Question 32

How assess ventilation?

Answer 32

Determining RR, depth, rhythm

Question 33

How do you assess diffusion & perfusion?

Answer 33

Determining O2 sat

Question 34

Ventilation?

Answer 34

Movement of gases in and out of lungs

Question 35

Diffusion?

Answer 35

Movement of O2 & CO2 between alveoli and RBCs

Question 36

Perfusion

Answer 36

Distribution of RBC to and from pulmonary capillaries

Question 37

What is the most importantly factor in controlling ventilation?

Answer 37

The level of CO2 in arterial blood

Question 38

Hypoxemia level

Answer 38

Arterial blood O2 less than 60mmHg. | Low O2 in blood

Question 39

Newborn vitals RR BP HR

Answer 39

30-60 60-90/20-60 120-160

Question 40

Toddler vitals HR RR BP

Answer 40

80-140 24-40 80-112/50-80

Question 41

School aged vitals HR RR BP

Answer 41

75-100 18-30 84-120/54-80

Question 42

Adolescent vitals HR RR BP

Answer 42

60-90 12-16 94-139/62-88

Question 43

Adult vitals HR RR BP

Answer 43

60-100 12-20 110-139/60-79

Question 44

Percussion tones lungs

Answer 44

Resonant

Question 45

Percussion tone bone and muscle

Answer 45

Flat

Question 46

Percussion tone viscera and liver borders.

Answer 46

Dull

Question 47

Stomach and gas bubbles in intestines

Answer 47

Tympanic

Question 48

Percussion tone air trapped in lung

Answer 48

Hyper resonant