- temp regulation is unstable until puberty - temp range narrows with age - seniors more sensitive to temp fluctuations

AKA fever when temp is > 102.2 F/ 39C 1. set point is raised, temp increases, feel chills 2. plateau and perhaps overshooting of new set point. 3. set point drops and feels warm, loss of heat via vasodilation

- an agent which can cause pyrexia - affects the hypothalamus which sets the set point higher

- elevated body temp due to inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production - body set point remains unchanged - -> damage to hypothalamus`

- b-temp falls below 36 C / 96.8 C due to exposure to cold - body cannot produce enough heat - uncontrolled shivering, memory loss depression - HR, RspR, BP declines - can be induced during surgery to reduce metabolic and O2 demand

- a form of hyperthermia where body temperature is > 104 F / 40 C - confusion, giddiness, no sweating - high mortality rate - symptoms of heat exhaustion

Vital Signs and Related Conditions Flashcards by SH S

Define body temperature

Body temperature = heat produced - heat lost

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Normal body temperature range

8-100.4 degrees Fahrenheit

36. 0 - 38.0 degrees Celcius

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Age | Body temperature

temp regulation is unstable until puberty
temp range narrows with age
seniors more sensitive to temp fluctuations

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Exercise, stress | Body temperature

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Hormone level | Body temperature

progesterone DR to body temp

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Circadian Rhythm | Body temperature

temp lowest when sleeping/at night, rises throughout the day.

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Pyrexia

AKA fever when temp is > 102.2 F/ 39C

set point is raised, temp increases, feel chills
plateau and perhaps overshooting of new set point.
set point drops and feels warm, loss of heat via vasodilation

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Mild Fever

100.4 - 102.2 F / 39-39C

Fever is not harmful

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Pyrogen

an agent which can cause pyrexia

- affects the hypothalamus which sets the set point higher

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Febrile

having symptoms of a fever

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Sustained fever

constant fever temperature

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intermittent fever

fever spikes interspersed with normal b-temp range (at least 1/24hrs)

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Remittent fever

fever spikes without return to normal b-temp

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Relapsing fever

periods of febrile episodes and periods of normal b-temp (each period 1/>24hrs)

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Hyperthermia

elevated body temp due to inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production
body set point remains unchanged
-> damage to hypothalamus`

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Hypothermia

b-temp falls below 36 C / 96.8 C due to exposure to cold
body cannot produce enough heat
uncontrolled shivering, memory loss depression
HR, RspR, BP declines
can be induced during surgery to reduce metabolic and O2 demand

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Frostbite

ice cystal form in cells and cause tissue damage

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Heat stroke

a form of hyperthermia where body temperature is > 104 F / 40 C
confusion, giddiness, no sweating
high mortality rate
symptoms of heat exhaustion

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Heat exhaustion

increased diaphoresis => excess water and electrolyte loss

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8 locations to measure body temperature

axillary
tympanic
oral
rectal
temporal
pulmonary artery
urinary bladder
esophogeal

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Heart rate

number of pulses/min
HR is IR to BP
HR is IR to cardiac output

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Tachycardia

high heart rate, over 100bpm

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Bradycardia

low heart rate, below 60bpm

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Pulse deficit

an inefficient contraction of heart that fails to transmit a pulse wave to the peripheral pulse site

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Pulse sites

- radial - ulnar - apical - cartoid

Exercise, anxiety, temperature | Pulse rate

all DR P-rate

Factors of pulse rate

exercise, temperature, anxiety, drugs, loss of blood, posture, pulmonary conditions

Dysrhythmia, Sinus Dysrhythmia

- an abnormal pulse interval interrupted by an early or late or missed beat - Sinus: when breathing in increases HR and breathing out decreases heart rate > seen in children

Characteristics of pulse

rhythm: regular interval of pulses strength: amplitude of pulse; measured from 0-4; 2 is normal equality: comparing pulse on both sides of body

Ventilation

the movement of gases in and out of lungs

Diffusion

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries into the bloodstream

Perfusion

the movement/distribution of blood to/from pulmonary capillaries and other vessels

Hypoxemia

- low O2 levels in arteries | - can help those with chronic lung disease where high O2 levels are fatal

Eupnea

- normal, unlabored breathing

Bradypnea

regular, but low resp-rate, <12/min

Tachypnea

regular, but rapid resp-rate, >20/min

Hyperpnea

respiration is labored, depth and rate is increased | eg. exercise

Apnea

ceasing of respiration for a few seconds | persistent apnea ==> respiratory arrest

Hyperventilation

overbreathing; high rate and depth of breathing | more CO2 expelled than produced

Hypopnea

shallow breathing

Hypoventilation

low rate and depth of breathing; low O2 due to decreased volume of air in lungs

Hypocarbia

Low levels of CO2 in blood

Hypercarbia

High levels of CO2 in blood; CO2 retension

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

irregular depth and rate

Kussmal's Respiration

increased depth and rate of breathing, gasping

Biot's Respiration

shallow breaths with ir/regular patterns of apnea

Blood Pressure

force exerted on artery walls, measured in mmHg systolic pressure / diastolic pressure Healthy range <90-120/60-80

Systolic pressure

the peak of maximum pressure of a heart beat

Diastolic pressure

the minimum pressure between two heart beats

Pulse pressure

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

Cardiac output | BP

ΔHR | BP

IR; filling time of heart decreases and therefore BP decreases

Volume | BP

Viscosity | BP

Artery elasticity | BP

Hypertension

high BP, > 140/90 mmHg

Hypotension

low BP, <90/60 mmHg

Prehypertension

BP between 120-139/80-89 mmHg

Orthostatic/postural hypotension

- when normotensive pt develops symptoms of low BP and high HR when in upright position - due to dehydration, anemia, low blood volume

Age | BP

- BP rises during childhood > larger children have higher BP at same age - BP varies with body size at adolescence > post puberty males have higher BP than females - BP rises with adult age > post menopause, females have higher BP than males

Factors affecting BP

- Stress - Ethnicity: AfAms have higher BPs - gender - medications - when smoking, BP rises due to vasoconstriction, then will fall

Factors affecting respiration rate

- exercise - anxiety - smoking - anemia - medications - injury - hemoglobin function - posture/position

Pain | Resp rate

IR to depth of breathing

Vital Signs and Related Conditions Flashcards

(63 cards)