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Vitals Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 vital signs

A
  1. Temp
  2. Pulse
  3. Respiratory Rate
  4. Blood Pressure
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2
Q

What is considered the 5th vital sign

A

Pain

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3
Q

When should vitals be measured

A
  1. On admission to hospital
  2. Beginning of shift (for inpatient)
  3. Before / during / after surgery
  4. Before / after certain meds
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4
Q

How often should vitals be taken in the hospital

A

Every 4 - 6 hours

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5
Q

Core temp is how many degrees above skin temp

A

1 - 2

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6
Q

Define Thermoregulation

A

The balance of heat production and heat loss

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7
Q

What 3 ways is body heat produced?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Skeletal muscle movement
  3. No -shivering Thermogenesis
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8
Q

What is BMR (basal metabolic rate)

A

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest

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9
Q

What condition increases the BMR?

A

Hyperthyroidism

Excess thyroxine

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10
Q

What condition decreased the BMR?

A

Hypothyroidism

Low thyroxine

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11
Q

What are 4 modes of heat transfer

A
  1. Radiation
  2. Convection
  3. Conduction
  4. Evaporation
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12
Q

Describe radiation

A

Electromagnetic waves emit heat from skin

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13
Q

What percentage of body heat is lost by radiation

A

50%

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14
Q

Describe Convection and give an example

A
  • Transfer of heat through air/water

- Warm bath or blowing fan

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15
Q

Describe Conduction

A

Heat transfer from warm surface to cooler surface

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16
Q

Describe evaporation

A

Water converted to vapor

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17
Q

How much body heat is lost to evaporation

A

15 - 20%

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18
Q

Normal Blood Pressure

A

<120 /<80

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19
Q

Normal pulse

Average pulse

A

60 - 100bpm

80bpm

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20
Q

What is the normal temperature range?

Average temp?

A
  1. 8 - 100.4

98. 6

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21
Q

Axillary temp
Oral temp
Rectal temp

A

97 - 97.6

98 - 98.6

99 - 99.6

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22
Q

Most accurate type of measurement for Core Temp

A

PA Catheter

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23
Q

Normal Respiratory Rate

A

12 - 20 breaths/min

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24
Q

Tachypnea

A

> 20 breaths/minute

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25
Bradypnea
<12 breaths/minute
26
Most common cause of Bradypnea
Opioids
27
Normal Oxygen Saturation
95 - 100%
28
Hypotension
<90 / < 60
29
What are the grades of a Pulse
``` 0 = absent or not palpable 1+ = thready / weak 2+ =normal 3+ = above normal 4+ = bounding / strong ```
30
Tachycardia
> 100bpm
31
Bradycardia
<60 bpm
32
What are 2 other words to describe a fever?
1. Pyrexia | 2. Febrile
33
What oral temp is considered a fever? Rectal temp?
1. >100 | 2. >101
34
What is the term for “without a fever”
Afebrile
35
What is the temp for Hyperpyrexia
>105.8
36
Between what temps will death occur
109 - 112F
37
What are the three treatments for a fever?
1. Antipyretics 2. Antibiotics 3. Antivirals
38
What are the 3 phases of a fever?
1. Febrile episode 2. Course 3. Defervescence / Crisis
39
What are 4 types of Fever?
1. Constant 2. Intermittent 3. Remittent 4. Recurrent
40
Describe Hyperthermia
When the body is above the “SET POINT” 106 or higher
41
What temps are Heat Exhaustion
98.6 - 103
42
What temp is Heat Stroke
>103
43
Hypothermia occurs below what temp? Death?
<95 <70
44
Red electrical thermometers are for? Blue?
Red = rectal Blue = oral
45
What are 7 pulse sights?
1. Temporal 2. Carotid 3. Brachial 4. Radial 5. Femoral 6. Popliteal 7. Dorsalis Pedis
46
What is the average stroke volume?
70mL
47
What is the pulse pressure?
Difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
48
What is the pulse deficit?
Difference between radial and apical pulse
49
Where is the Apical pulse found?
- PMI | - 5th intercostal space, mid-clavicular line
50
What is Eupnea
Normal respiratory rate
51
What is Bradypnea
<10 breaths/min
52
What is Tachypnea
>24 breaths/min
53
What is apnea
The absence of breathing
54
What are the 3 descriptions of breathing depth?
Shallow Normal Deep
55
What are the 2 descriptions of breathing rhythm?
Regular | Irregular
56
What are 3 descriptions of respiratory effort
1. Effortless 2. Dyspnea 3 Orthopnea
57
What is Dyspnea
Labored breathing
58
What is orthopnea
Difficult breathing when laying supine
59
What are 8 different types of skin color
``` Pallor Cyanosis Jaundice Flushing Erythema Ecchymosis Petechiae Mottling ```
60
In what sequence should the abdomen quadrants be assessed? And why?
Right Lower Right Upper Left Upper Left Lower Follows anatomy of the Bowel

Vital Signs (1 decks)

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