Vitamin C

Question 1

person who conducted trials to cure scurvy in 1746

Answer 1

James Lind

Question 2

weak sulfuric acid

Answer 2

vitriol

Question 3

Albert Szent-Gyorgyi identified ____ factor

Answer 3

antiscorbutic

Question 4

what are the 2 roles of Vit C?

Answer 4

1) cofactor 2) antioxidant

Question 5

what is the EAR set on?

Answer 5

antioxidant role

Question 6

which enzyme do we lack that prevents us from making our own vit c?

Answer 6

L-gulonolactone oxidase

Question 7

in almost all animals, vit C is made from ___

Answer 7

D-glucose

Question 8

intakes that prevent scurvy we absorb all by ___ transport; intakes close to usual we absorb __% by ___ transport; intakes at megadoses absorb __% by ___transport

Answer 8

active; 70, active; 16, passive

Question 9

what is the criterion for UL?

Answer 9

diarrhea

Question 10

what is storage in cells referred to as?

Answer 10

vitamin C pool

Question 11

high concentrations of vitamin C in ___

Answer 11

adrenal glands, brain

Question 12

pool maximum is at ____mg

Answer 12

1500

Question 13

scurvy begins as pool is

Answer 13

300

Question 14

dioxygenases need vitamin C to make this

Answer 14

collagen (lysine–>OHLys, Proline–>OHPro)

Question 15

ascorbate is a good ___ agent

Answer 15

reducing

Question 16

Fe2+ is called ___, Fe 3+ is called ___

Answer 16

ferrous; ferric

Question 17

vitamin C acts on ___ when involved with neurotransmitters and ___ synth

Answer 17

copper; stress hormone

Question 18

Vitamin C donates ___ electrons in antioxidant reaction

Answer 18

2

Question 19

which enzyme converts dehydroascorbic acid back to ascorbic acid?

Answer 19

dehydroascorbate reductase

Question 20

What does GSH stand for?

Answer 20

glutathione (tripeptide)

Question 21

what is glutathione made up of?

Answer 21

glycine, cysteine, glutamate

Question 22

what does ROS stand for?

Answer 22

reactive oxygen species

Question 23

Vitamin C increases ___ absorption

Answer 23

iron

Question 24

Fe2+ is reactive and can generate free radicals through the _____ reaction

Answer 24

Fenton

Question 25

vitamin C has role to regenerate vit. ___

Answer 25

E

Question 26

food sources of vitamin C?

Answer 26

fruit+veg (citrus, peppers, broccoli, kiwi), human breast milk, raw organs

Question 27

intake = [ ] x ____?

Answer 27

frequency of use

Question 28

food sources of vit. C for aboriginal groups?

Answer 28

willow leaf/white cedar tea

Question 29

Vit C is destroyed by:

Answer 29

heat, light, oxidation, alkaline solutions

Question 30

how is vitamin C status assessed?

Answer 30

plasma lvls, urine excretion (indirect), neutrophil levels (antioxidant lvl)

Question 31

vitamin C is stable in ___ conditions

Answer 31

acidic

Question 32

what is the RDA for vit. C?

Answer 32

90mg for M; 75mg for F

Question 33

how does RDA change for smokers?

Answer 33

+35mg

Question 34

how is EAR set for Vit C?

Answer 34

near-max neutrophil concentration w/ min. urinary excretion

Question 35

What are the 4 Hs of Scurvy?

Answer 35

hemorrhagic, hyperkeratosis, hypochondria, hematologic abnormalities

Question 36

synthetic form of Vit C in hot dogs/soft drinks?

Answer 36

D-erythorbic acid

Question 37

what is purpose of erythorbic acid?

Answer 37

use as reductant/antioxidant, work with nitrites (replace sulfites) in cured meats, prevent carcinogens

Question 38

psychological probs due to v neurotrans (vit C role in nerve synth)

Answer 38

hyperchondria

Question 39

pallor is because of _____

Answer 39

anemia

Question 40

deficiency cause changes in ______

Answer 40

tongue, gum, limbs, legs

Question 41

guy who promoted megadoses:

Answer 41

Linus Pauling

Question 42

Vit C often used as alternative to ____; concerns raised because acts as _____ when injected at high doses

Answer 42

chemotherapy; pro-oxidant

Question 43

ascorbate added to surface of ___ prevent formation of ___

Answer 43

nitrated meat; nitrosamines

Question 44

Vitamin C helps with these conditions:

Answer 44

cold, cancer, cardiovascular, stress

Question 45

The UL, set at ___mg, is based on _____

Answer 45

2; osmotic diarrhea

Question 46

high levels vit C cause ___ because of production of crystallized ___ acid

Answer 46

kidney stones; oxalic