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Micronutrients > Vitamin Deficiencies and Symptoms > Flashcards

Vitamin Deficiencies and Symptoms Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Beri - Beri

A

Thiamin deficiency

can be wet (effects cardiovascular)
- causes increase heart rate and blood pressure

Can be dry (effects nerves and muscles)

  • fatigue
  • muscle weakness
  • muscle paralysis
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2
Q

Wernickle-Karasakoff syndrome

A

Chronic thiamin deficiency

  • imparted mental functions
  • weakness/paralysis
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3
Q

Dietary sources of Thiamin

A

Pork

Enriched Grains

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4
Q

Ariboflavinosis

A

Riboflavin deficency

  • vacularization of cornea
  • stomatitis (oral cavities inflammation)
  • cheilosis (cracks in corner of mouth)
  • glossitis (tongue inflammation)
  • seborrheic dermatitis
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5
Q

Dietary sources of Riboflavin

A

Milk/ dairy products

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6
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin deficiency

  • 4 D’s
  • diarrhea
  • dementia
  • dermatitis
  • death
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7
Q

Dietary sources of Niacin

A

Enriched grains

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8
Q

Niacin flush

A

Niacin toxicity

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9
Q

Vitamin B6 functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Amino Acid transformations

Deficiency symptoms are

  • Lesions of skin and mucosa
  • Neuronal dysfunction
  • Sideroblastic anemia
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10
Q

Sideroblastic anemia

A

Caused by B6 deficiency

Bone marrow produces sideroblasts instead of RBCs

Causes RBCs to build up with iron

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11
Q

Vitamin B6 toxicity symptoms

A

Causes nerve destruction

  • muscle function loss
  • numbness
  • paralysis
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12
Q

Dietary source of Vitamin B6

A

Protein-rich foods

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13
Q

Vitamin B12 and Folic acid functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Vit B12: Myelin sheath generation
Folic Acid: Transfer methyl groups
deficiencies in vitamin B 12 & Folic acid cause

Megaloblastic anemia
(Causes bone marrow to produce large abnormal red blood cells that cant circulate well).

  • shortness of breath
  • muscle weakness
  • paleness/loss of appetite
  • nausea/ diarrhea
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14
Q

Dietary source of folic acid

A

Green leafy vegetables & enriched grains

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15
Q

Dietary source of B12

A

Animal foods

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16
Q

Pantothenic acid functions/deficency symptoms

A

Aids in fatty acid synthesis and produced of CoA

Deficiencies cause burning feet syndrome

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17
Q

Dietary source of Pantothenic acid

A

Widely available

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18
Q

Biotin Functions/ deficency symptoms

A

Co-factor for carboxylating enzymes (makes them Function)

Deficiency symptoms include

  • Seborrheic dermatitis
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea
  • Muscular pain
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19
Q

Dietary sources of Biotin

A

Egg yolks, liver and GI bacteria

raw egg whites contain avidin which is an antagonist to Biotin absorption

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20
Q

Vitamin C functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Collagen synthesis and antioxidant

Deficiencies cause scurvy

  • Abnormal bone development (infants only)
  • Easy brushing/bleeding
  • Poor gums and teeth
  • Osteoporosis
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21
Q

Vitamin C toxicity symptoms

A

GI distress and dental erosion

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22
Q

Dietary sources of Vitamin C

A

Fresh fruits and vegetables

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23
Q

Vitamin A functions/deficiency symptoms

A

Night vision, supports immune system and is an anti-oxidant

Deficiencies cause

  • Night-blindness
  • Xerophthalmia ( abnormal dryness of eyes / keratinization of cornea)
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24
Q

Dietary sources of Vitamin A

A

Liver, milk

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25
Vitamin A Toxicity
GI distress, headaches, liver damage
26
Vitamin D functions/deficiency symptoms
Regulates blood calcium levels Vitamin D deficiency causes - ricketts/ osteomalacia - weak bones/ increased fractures
27
Dietary source of Vitamin D
Milk, sunlight
28
Vitamin D toxicity symptoms
- calcification of parts of the body
29
Hemolytic anemia in newborns
Causes by Vitamin E deficiency (not an issue in adults)
30
Dietary source of vitamin E
Plant oils
31
Vitamin K functions/deficiency symptoms
Aid in blood coagulation by carboxylating coagulative enzymes - deficiency causes prolonged PT times in patients and easy bruising
32
Newborns/infants are at risk for what vitamin deficiencies/toxicities?
Vitamins E Iron Small bodies cause an increase chance of over consumption/absorption of minerals and nutrients (VERY likely as a fetus).
33
Elderly are at risk for what deficiencies/toxicities and why?
Vitamin D Zinc Usually caused by decline in GI function, poor oral health or chronic illnesses, and food-drug interactions
34
Alcoholics are at risk for what deficiencies/toxicities and why?
Most at risk population since alcoholism makes absorption of nutrients and minerals less effective as well as the metabolism of absorbed. - Thiamin - Riboflavin - Niacin - Vitamin B6, B12, C, A - Biotin - Pantothenic Acid - Magnesium
35
Calcium function and deficiency symptoms
Function is muscle cell contractions Deficiencies lead to - osteopenia - muscle cramping
36
Iron functions and deficiency symptoms
Function is to act as oxygen carrier in hemoglobin and electron receptor in ETC Deficiencies lead to - hypochromic and microcytic anemia (pale small RBCs) - apathy - lethargy - fatigue
37
Dietary sources of calcium
Dairy, tofu, oranges
38
Dietary source of iron
Red meat, dark leafy vegetables
39
Calcium toxicity symptoms
Calcification of soft tissues
40
Iron toxicity symptoms
Gastric distress Death in children
41
Magnesium functions and deficiency symptoms
Functions as ATPase cofactor Deficiency symptoms are - tetanus - muscle weakness - disturbed heart rhythm
42
Dietary sources of magnesium
Whole grain, nuts, chocolate
43
Magnesium toxicity symptoms
Cardiac arrest (unlikely to happen through diet though)
44
Potassium function and deficiency symptoms
Functions to maintain cell membrane potential Deficiency symptoms are - muscle weakness - anorexia
45
Dietary sources of potassium
Fruits,vegetables, legumes
46
Potassium toxicity symptoms
Cardiac arrest (unlikely though nutrition with proper fluid intake)
47
Zinc function and deficiency symptoms
Function is to act as a metalloenzyme co factor Deficiency symptoms are - stumped growth - poor wound healing - alopecia - scaly rash - stunted sexual development in adolescents
48
Zinc dietary sources
Protein-rich foods
49
Zinc toxicity symptoms
Impaired immunity & copper absorption (high in plasma)
50
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamins A,D,E,K * more likely to experience toxicity since they are not readily soluble*
51
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin C & B complex vitamins *less toxic except B6 & Niacin in high doses*
52
B complex vitamins include?
Thiamin Riboflavin B6 & B12 Folic acid Niacin Pantothenic acid Biotin
53
What vitamin deficiency is the leading cause of blindness?
Vitamin A
54
Top 3 most common vitamin deficiencies in the world
Vitamin A, Iron & Iodide
55
Iodine Functions and deficency symptoms
Function is to aid in synthesis of thyroid hormones Deficiency symptoms include - goiter development - constipation - sensitivity to cold - brain fog
56
Bioavalibility definition
Percent of mineral that enters the body and is actually metabolized
57
Major differences between water soluble and fat soluble vitamins
Secretion time: water-soluble is readily available Appearance of deficiency symptoms: water-soluble is quicker Storage: fat-soluble can be stored
58
Vitamins that can be synthesized by humans
Vitamin D Vitamin K Niacin
59
Polar bear liver contains toxic levels of what?
Vitamin A
60
Food byproducts that bind minerals
Oxalates and Phytates

Micronutrients (2 decks)

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