Vitamin names/cofactors

Question 1

B1

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

Cofactor for B1 (Thiamine)

Answer 2

Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 3

Diseases of Thiamine

Answer 3

Beriberi

Wernicke-Korsakoff

Question 4

Typical reaction involved with B1 (3) (thiamine)

Answer 4

Decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids,
Aldehyde transfer,
Transketolase

Question 5

Example of reaction involving B1 (thiamine)

Answer 5

Pyruvate–>Acetyl CoA

Question 6

B2

Answer 6

Riboflavin

Question 7

Cofactors for B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 7

FAD and FMN

Question 8

Diseases of B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 8

Deficiency is rare in US
See in chronic alcoholics.
Causes glossitis (Swelling of tongue), seborrhea (scaly red skin)

Question 9

Typical reaction involving B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 9

Oxidation-reduction

Question 10

Example of reaction involving B2 (riboflavin)

Answer 10

Succinate–>Fumarate (TCA cycle)

Question 11

B6

Answer 11

Pyroxidine

Question 12

Cofactor of B6 (pyridoxine)

Answer 12

Pyridoxal Phosphate (PLP)

Question 13

Disease of B6 (pyridoxine)

Answer 13

deficiency is rare.

Causes peripheral neuropathy, microcytic anemia (Small blood vessels) and delta alanine synthesis

Question 14

Typical reaction involving B6 (pyridoxine)

Answer 14

Group transfer (ie glycogen transphorylase)
Transaminations

Question 15

Example of reaction involving B6 (Pyridoxine)

Answer 15

Glutamate –> Ketoglutarate (amino acid catabolism)

Question 16

B3

Answer 16

Niacin

Question 17

Cofactor of B3 (niacin)

Answer 17

NAD

Question 18

Disease associated with B3 (Niacin)

Answer 18

Pellegra–involves 3 D’s- dementia, diarrhea, dermatitis

Question 19

Typical reaction involving B3 (niacin)

Answer 19

oxidation-reduction

Question 20

B5

Answer 20

Pantothenic Acid

Question 21

Cofactor of B5 (Pantothenic acid)

Answer 21

coenzyme A

Question 22

Disease associated with B5 dificiency

Answer 22

deficiency is rare

Question 23

Typical reaction involving B5 (pantothenic acid)

Answer 23

Acyl transfer

Question 24

Example of reaction with B5 (acetyl CoA)

Answer 24

acetyl CoA +oxaloacetate –> Citrate (TCA cycle)

Question 25

Example of reaction involving B3 (niacin)

Answer 25

Malate-->oxaloacetate (TCA cycle)

Question 26

B7

Answer 26

Biotin

Question 27

Cofactor for B7 (biotin)

Answer 27

biotin

Question 28

Disease associated with B7 (biotin)

Answer 28

dermatitis, enteritis (inflammation of intestine) | ie raw egg consumption

Question 29

Typical reaction with Biotin

Answer 29

carboxylation

Question 30

Example of reaction with biotin

Answer 30

pyruvate-->oxaloacetate or acetyl coA-->malonyl CoA

Question 31

B9

Answer 31

Folic Acid

Question 32

Cofactor of B9 (folic Acid)

Answer 32

tetrahydrofolate (THF)

Question 33

Disease associated with B9 (folic acid)

Answer 33

macrocytic megaloblastic anemia (large RBC's) | spina bifida

Question 34

Typical reaction involving B9 (folic acid)

Answer 34

one-carbon transfer

Question 35

example of reaction with B9

Answer 35

deoxyuridylate --> Thymidylate (nucleotide biosynthesis)

Question 36

B12

Answer 36

Cobalmin

Question 37

Cofactor of b12 (cobalmin)

Answer 37

5'-Deoxyadenosyl cobalmin

Question 38

Disease associated with b12 (cobalmin)

Answer 38

macrocytic megaloblastic anemia (large RBC's) neuropathy pernicious anemia (type of megaloblastic anemia)

Question 39

Typical reaction involving b12 (cobalmin)

Answer 39

methyl transfer | intramolecular rearrangement

Question 40

example of reaction involving cobalmin (b12)

Answer 40

methylmalonyl CoA-->succinyl CoA (FA metabolism)

Question 41

C

Answer 41

absorbic acid

Question 42

Disease associated with Vit C deficiency

Answer 42

Scurvy-easily bruised, poor wound healing, hemorrhaging

Question 43

Typical reaction involving Vit C

Answer 43

hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen | Dopamine hydroxylase

Question 44

Example of reaction involving Vit C

Answer 44

procollagen-->4-hydroxyprocollagen | dopamine-->NE

Question 45

Cofactor of Vit C

Answer 45

absorbic acid

Question 46

Vitamin K

Answer 46

no other name

Question 47

Cofactor of VIT K

Answer 47

vitamin KH2

Question 48

Disease associated with Vit K

Answer 48

hemorrhagic syndrome-longer clotting times

Question 49

Typical reaction involving Vit K

Answer 49

carboxylation

Question 50

Example of reaction involving Vit K

Answer 50

Glutamate-->gamma carboxy-glutamate

Question 51

Vit D

Answer 51

no other name

Question 52

Cofactor of Vit D

Answer 52

calcitriol

Question 53

Disease associated with Vit D

Answer 53

Rickets in children | osteomalacia in adults (inadequate mineralization of bone)

Question 54

Typical reaction involving Vit D

Answer 54

Control of serum Calcium with parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Question 55

Example of reaction involving Vit D

Answer 55

Vit D acts like steroid hormone, causes changes in gene transcription

Question 56

Cu2+

Answer 56

Copper

Question 57

Cofactor of Copper

Answer 57

Copper

Question 58

Disease associated with Copper

Answer 58

Menkes=deficiency | Wilson=accumulation

Question 59

Typical Reaction involving Copper

Answer 59

electron transport | lysl oxidase

Question 60

Example of reaction involving copper

Answer 60

O2--> H2O

Question 61

Fe2+

Answer 61

Iron

Question 62

Cofactor of Iron

Answer 62

Fe2+

Question 63

Disease associated with Iron

Answer 63

microcytic anemia | heme synthesis is dependent on iron

Question 64

typical reaction involving Iron

Answer 64

e- transfer, O2 binding

Question 65

Iodine

Answer 65

Iodine

Question 66

Cofactor of Iodine

Answer 66

I+ (iodonium) is required for T3, T4

Question 67

Disease associated with iodine

Answer 67

Hyperthyroidism (graves) | Hypothyroidism

Question 68

Typical reaction involving iodine

Answer 68

It is only used to produce thyroid

Question 69

Example of reaction involving iodine

Answer 69

Tgb with Tyr residue + I+ -->TGB with T4

Question 70

Example of reaction involving Iron

Answer 70

Fe3+ + e- --> Fe2+