Vitamin Structures Flashcards
(44 cards)
1
Q
β-carotene
A
2
Q
Retinol (A)
A
3
Q
Calciferol (D)
A
4
Q
Tocoferol (E)
A
5
Q
Phylloquinone (K)
A
6
Q
Thiamine (B1)
A
7
Q
Riboflavin (B2)
A
8
Q
Niacin (B3)
A
9
Q
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
A
10
Q
Pyridoxine (B6)
A
11
Q
Biotin (H)
A
12
Q
Folic Acid (B9)
A
13
Q
Cobalamin (B12)
A
14
Q
Ascorbic acid (C)
A
15
Q
Choline structure
A
16
Q
Inositol
A
17
Q
Nicotinamide/NADP+ formation
A
18
Q
Sources of Retinol
A
- B-carotene
- Cod liver oil
- Orange + yellow vegetables
- Broccoli
- Fruit
19
Q
Deficiency of Retinol
A
- Hyperkeratinisation
- Xerophthalmia
- Keratomalacia
- Exostosis
- Abnormal sperm/oocytes
20
Q
Sources of Cholecalciferol
A
- Liver
- Eggs
- Milk
- Sundried hay
- Cheese
21
Q
Deficiency of Cholecalciferol
A
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
- Poor eggshell formation
22
Q
Sources of Tocopherol
A
- Grain oils
- Wheat germ oils
- Egg
- Butter
- Milk
- Meat
23
Q
Deficiency of Tocopherol
A
- Sterility in males
- White muscle disease
- Crazy chicken disease
- Encephalomalacia
- Brain oedema
24
Q
Sources of Phylloquinone
A
- Alfa alfa
- Cabbage
- Chestnut leaves
- Kale
- Sprouts
- Broccoli
25
Deficiency of **Phylloquinone**
* Poor blood clotting
* Haemorrhage
* Poor bone formation
26
Sources of **Thiamine**
* Meat
* Fish
* Milk
* Outer layer of wholegrains
27
Deficiency of **Thiamine**
* Polyneurotitis in poultry
* Beri-beri
* Chasteks paralysis
* Necrotic encephalopathy
28
Sources of **Riboflavin**
* Cereals
* Nuts
* Green leaves
* Yeast
* Eggs
* Avocados
* Fish
* Meat
29
Deficiency of **Riboflavin**
* Slow growth
* Symmetric dermatitis
* Curled toe disease
* Periodic ophthalmia
30
Sources of **Niacin**
* Dairy
* Poultry
* Fish
* Lean Meat
* Nuts
* Eggs
31
Deficiency of **Niacin**
* Pellegra - DDD
* Black tongue (dog)
32
Sources of **Pantothenic acid**
* Meat
* Avocados
* Mushroom
* Peppers
* Yeast
33
Deficiency of **Pantothenic acid**
* Achromotrochia
* Chicken Pellegra
* Anaemia
* 'Goose-stepping'
34
Sources of **Folic** **acid**
* Beans
* Legumes
* Citrus fruits
* Wholegrains
* Meat
* _Microbial synthesis_
35
Deficiency of **Folic acid**
* Macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia
* Slow growth
36
Sources of **Pyridoxine**
* Grains
* Yeast
* Meat
* Liver
* Eggs
37
Deficiency of **Pyridoxine**
* Neural damage (GABA ↓)
* Normocytic anaemia
38
Sources of **Ascorbic acid**
* Fresh fruit + veg
* Ø Microbial synthesis
* Ø Storage
* Synthesis of ascorbic acid
39
Give the steps of **Ascorbic acid** synthesis
1. Glucose
2. UDP-glucose
3. UDP Glucuronate
4. α-gluconate
5. α-gluconolactone
6. 2-keto-2-gluconolactone
7. Ascorbic acid
40
Deficiency of **Ascorbic** **acid**
* Scurvey
* Heat stress in birds
* Anaemia
* Weakened bones
* Slowed skin growth
41
Sources of **biotin**
* Nuts
* Grains
* Liver
* Egg yolk
* _Microbial synthesis_
42
Deficiency of **biotin**
* Dermatitis
* Alopecia
* Skin irritation
* Slow growth
* Necrotic hood damage
* Bloody ulcers of foot and tongue
43
Sources of **Cobalamine**
Animal origin:
* Milk
* Eggs
* Milk
44
Deficiency of **Cobalamine**
* Macrocytic hyperchromic anaemia
* Ø Purine + thymine synthesis
* Lack of IF production in the stomach
* Bird egg production ↓
