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Vitamins 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

40 essential micronutrients

A
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2
Q

Casimir Funk

A

Founder of Vitamins

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3
Q

vitaminers

A

similar structures but slightly different chemical structures

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4
Q

How many vitamins have been recognised

A

13

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5
Q

what are the key functions of vitamins

A

immune system, gene expression, ATP production, hormones and manufacturing blood cells

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6
Q

what a nutrients that you can survive without

A

phytonutrients- rainbow colours longer life

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7
Q

where are vitamins absorbed

A

In the small intestines

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8
Q

what are vitamins?

A

carbon containing compounds

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9
Q

What are the essential vitamins essential to ATP?

A

B1, 2, 2, 5

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10
Q

what is B5 essential for?

A

needed for synthesis of coenzymes

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11
Q

What does vitamiins in food need

A

Needs activation - they are cofactors proteins that accerelrate reactions
e.g phase 1 liver dextofixation.

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12
Q

what are the two types of vitamins

A

Fat soluble and water soluble
If you not consume fat you cant absorbed fat soluble vitamins

A< D< E and K

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13
Q

fat soluble

A

harder to discrete

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14
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

B and C- completed be depleted quickly

exception b12 as can store in the liver

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15
Q

insufficiency

A

early signs and symptoms- low in the nutrient- reduction in storage vague symptoms.
- rare for deficiency most common insufficiency.

Patient appears normal but they report not feeling right.
sub-clinical best time to turn symptoms around

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16
Q

Vitamin A

A

they have different forms and need to be activated in the body.
Retinol - health of the retina
Retinal - Vision (colour) rod/cones enable colour vison
Retinoic Acid- growth DNA level- genetic expression , heart lungs, kidneys

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17
Q

Vitamin A- conversions

A

Rational can be converted to retinol and acid but not the other way round

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18
Q

what are the two types of Vit A

A

Pro- vitamin

prefformed

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19
Q

Pro Vit A

A

beta carotenes can make more Vitamin A

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20
Q

vitamin A where is more bioavailable

A

Animal sources

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21
Q

tress

A

oxidation potential of the sun- tress in the autumn turn orange. Chrollphel

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22
Q

Sources of Vitamin A

A

clave have 50 times more of VIT A than eggs

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23
Q

absorption and conversion

A

The higher the need for retinal the higher the need by pro- Vitamin A

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24
Q

absorption rates

A

5-60 % need to have healthy fats as carotenoids are fat soluble

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25
conversion to beta carotenoids to retinal
BCO1 gene beta carotenoid oxygenated 1 | Yellowing of the skin carteneninama and does always mean that should be something to do with the skin
26
Tolerable upper limit TUL
Safety zone 3000 mcg pre-formed Vit A
27
Dosages what is RAE?
1 RAE = 1 mcg of retinol = 12 mcg of beta-carotene = 24 mcg of alpha-carotene or beta-cryptoxanthin from dietary sources. Supplements conversion is: 2mcg beta-carotene = 1mcg retinol
28
ALex vasquise- virual - check it out
29
Vit A Vision & Eye Health:
Required for rhodopsin – the lightsensitive protein involved in converting light into an electrical signal that goes into the brain’s visual cortex, giving the message of sight.
30
Uses of Vit A
integrgety of mucous membrane- generated cells Low resistant to infections
31
adressing the bability
bile flow and production in the liver-to assess the abparotyion of fats
32
why is Zinc important of the absorption of Vit A
its unlocks Retinol binding protein which moves Vit A form liver storage for tissue utilisation
33
RNI
6-7 RNI | Tolerable upper limits is 3000
34
Lean more to carotinods than pre-formed
35
patient with ache who is vegan
Rentinol. Vit A Carotinoids, carrots, squash, leafy greens, Punkin seeds, legumes and pulses
36
Vitamin D
Best source is the sun
37
What are the two types of vIt D
D2 - no in human or aminl source. mushroom in the sunlight
38
high cololestrol
need more sunlight before putting on stainins
39
How to activated ViT D
has to be actived to become actively useful, by hydrolysation
40
what is tolerable upper limit of Vit D
4000 IU
41
thr more diverse the microbirone the most toleran our immune system
42
hopefortoday1
43
every cell has RDA receptor on it
44
Vit E
45
tocopherols saturated | tocotrienols - non saturated
46
Vit E- lipoproteins
Stored and does most of it work
47
vit E is not a cofactor
principal role- free radical scavenger. helps keep our fat stable
48
Vit K
blood clotting proteins | deficiency lack of clotting factor
49
THREE TYPES
1. k1 ( PHYLLOQUINIE) dark green levaes WE activates K1 INTO K2. made 2. K2- mainly from bacteria 3. K3 0- not new about
50
Vit B1- energy production
the b vitamins are found in the outer cashing of rice.
51
B1 - nerve conduction
1.1.-1. mg per day | 4 in pregnant woman
52
B2
there is a limit to how much you can absorb. Yellow urine | roman lettuce- high in B2
53
b2 | hopefortoday17
SKIN- FIRST PLACE TO SHOW DEFICEINY helps with migraines- Dolovent good supplement
54
B3-niacin- Vital of tryptophan - mood and sleep
food sources turkey, osages 14-16 mg per day nIctodminde non flash variation
55
nicotinmide - found in the blood
56
B5- pantothenic - means found everywhere, needed for neurotransmitters
work at the part where energy is manufactured.
57
sugery depletes b5
58
B6 - good for premenstrual symptoms, morning sickness
long term used can cuase tingling 100 mg per day upper limit
59
B7- Bitoin- very stable, less likely to be degraded
modifying transcription factors that modify gene expression. immume system, heart attack, hormones . if you getting a blood test stop of 5 days - for a accurate reading
60
b Vitamins are needed to work together to work
look up insuffieceny of b12
61
b12 and folate if deficient in one usually deficient in another
30 % of poulation to not methylate
62
ask for b12 injection
urine test is best was to test b12

Vitamins 1 (1 decks)

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