vitamins Flashcards
Vitamins in general
Organic compounds distinct from fats, carbohydrates or protein.
Natural components of foods, usually present in minute amounts.
Not synthesized by the body in amounts to meet our physiologic needs.
Essential for normal physiologic function (maintenance, growth, etc.)
Cause a specific deficiency syndrome by their absence or insufficiency
Water soluble vitamins
B and C
Not stored (except B12)
No know toxicity
fat soluble
ADEK
Stored in adipose
potential for toxicity
cofactors
non protein
organic
helps catalyze reactions by helping enzymes
thiamine
B1
meat
legumes and grains
destroyed by alkaline evironment and heat
thiamine function
Used for energy transformations PDH complex alpha ketoglutarate DH complex transketolase (NADPH and pentose) transketolase will be low in people with low thiamine
thiamine deficiency
Beriberi…dry and wet
Dry beriberi
low thiamine intake and high carb intake muscle weakness and wasting peripheral neuropathy (symmetrical)
wet beriberi
cardiomegaly
rapid heart beat
Right side heart failure
peripheral edema
another thiamine deficiency disorder
wernicke korsakoff
acute stage: wernicke’s encepalopathy
requires immediate administration of thiamine
riboflavin
electron transport to the mitochondria drives atp production
coenzyme form=FAD and FMN
riboflavin sources
dairy, eggs, beef liver, legumes, grains, spinach
destroyed by sunlight
riboflavin deficiency
ariboflavinosis
symptoms….Cheilosis and corneal vascularization
B2 assessment
Gluathione reductase activity and pyridoxamine phosphate
Niacine B3 sources
fish, meat, grains, legumes, peanut butter
