Vitamins:

Question 1

Thiamin function

Answer 1

Coenzyme involved in energy production, especially when energy is from CHO
-part of coenzyme: TPP, TDP

Question 2

Thiamin deficiency:

Answer 2

Beriberi
-occurs where refined carbs eaten
Symptoms: muscle weakness, neurological changes; coordination affected, tingling/numbness, depression

Question 3

Thiamin toxicity:

Answer 3

Weight loss, confusion - memory loss, muscle weakness, lowered immunity

Question 4

Riboflavin (B2) function:

Answer 4

-involved in reactions where glucose & fatty acids are used fro energy
-part of coenzymes: FAD, FMN

Question 5

Riboflavin (B2) deficiency:

Answer 5

-unlikely
-angular stomatis: cracks at corner of mouth, inflammation of tongue

Question 6

Riboflavin toxicity:

Answer 6

Swelling of mouth and throat, hair loss, cracked lips, sore throat, anemia

Question 7

Niacin function:

Answer 7

-allows us to obtain energy from all 3 micronutrients in the body
-part of coenzymes: NAD, NADP

Question 8

Niacin deficiency:

Answer 8

Pellagra:
-weakness
-the 3 ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
-inflammation of all the mucus membranes

Question 9

Niacin toxicity:

Answer 9

-low BP, dizziness, fatigue, headache, blurred vision

Question 10

B6 function:

Answer 10

Coenzyme in reactions involving proteins & AA
-formation of the heme ring

Question 11

B6 deficiency:

Answer 11

-convulsions, nerve symptoms/seizures
-anemia: heme ring
-hypo-chromic: pale
-microcytic: little RBC

Question 12

B6 toxicity:

Answer 12

Lack of muscle control or coordination
-heart burn & nausea
-photosensitivity
-numbness

Question 13

Cobalamin B12 function:

Answer 13

-coenzyme in reactions that transfer methyl groups from 1 bio molecule to another

Question 14

Cobalamin B12 deficiency:

Answer 14

-neurological disorders
-megaloblastic anemia
-methyl-folate (inactive)

Question 15

Cobalamin B12 toxicity:

Answer 15

-numbness or tingling
-nausea
-bloating
-diarrhea
-fatigue

Question 16

Vitamin C function:

Answer 16

-reducing agent (donates e and h)
-antioxidant
-helps reduce formation of carcinogens: nitrate & amines
-collagen structure maintenance
-absorption of iron & calcium

Question 17

Vitamin C deficiency:

Answer 17

Scurvy:
-weaken collagen structure in body (teeth falling out, rupture of major blood vessels)
-reopening of previously closed wounds
-mental/cognitive impacts: depression

Question 18

Vitamin C toxicity:

Answer 18

LOW
-diarrhea
-nausea
-abdominal cramps

Question 19

Vitamin A role:

Answer 19

-important for vision, the immune system & growth & development
-helps heart, lungs work properly

Question 20

Vitamin D role:

Answer 20

Maintain blood calcium levels:
-stimulate Ca absorption from GI tract
-draw Ca from bone
-reduce Ca losses from kidney
3 main tissues:
-bone, kidney, GI tract

Question 21

Vitamin E function:

Answer 21

-anti oxidant, helping to protect cells from the damage caused by free radicals

Question 22

Vitamin k role:

Answer 22

A coenzyme for vit k dependent carboxylase