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Vitamins Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Vitamins are __ compounds

A

organic, essential for creating/use of energy

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2
Q

Minerals are __ compounds

A

Inorganic, chemical elements

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3
Q

Vitamins and minerals are ___ produced by the human body

A

Not

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4
Q

Reasons to supplement

A
  1. malnutrition
  2. increased physiologic needs
  3. poor absorption
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5
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK
well retained in body, more toxicity risk
stored in adipose, muscle, liver
takes TIME to reach deficiency state
Slow CL

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6
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

BC
readily excreted in urine
not well retained in the body except B12 in liver

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7
Q

Vitamin A deficiency presentation

A

Dermatitis
Night blindness
Bitot’s spots
Poor wound healing

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8
Q

Vitamin A deficiency cause

A

Fat malabsorption (A is fat soluble)
Infection (role in immunity)
Alcoholism (poor intake)

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9
Q

Vitamin D deficiency presentation

A

Bone problems
Rickets
Muscle weakness
poor growth

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10
Q

Vitamin D deficiency cause

A

Fat malabsorption
Lack of sunlight
Older adults
Chronic renal/liver disease

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11
Q

Vitamin E deficiency presentation

A

Hemolysis
Peripheral neuropathy
Skeletal muscle atrophy

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12
Q

Vitamin E deficiency cause

A

Fat malabsorption
Genetic abnormalities

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13
Q

Vitamin K deficiency presentation

A

Bleeding
elevated PTT

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14
Q

Vitamin K deficiency causes

A

Fat malabsorption
broad-spectrum antibiotics suppress gut flora

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15
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency presentation

A

Thiamine
Early = anorexia, fatigue, depression, impaired memory

Late = paresthesia, wernicke’s encephalopathy

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16
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency presentation

A

Pyridoxine
Microcytic anemia
Limb numbness/paresthesia
Convulsions
Pellagra

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17
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency causes

A

dialysis
alcoholism
bariatric surgery

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18
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency causes

A

isoniazid
seizure/neuropathy meds >2g

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19
Q

Vitamin B9 deficiency presentation

A

aka Folic acid
macrocytic anemia
Neural tube defects

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20
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency presentation

A

spinal cord degeneration
peripheral neuropathy
macrocytic anemia

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21
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency cause

Study These Flashcards
A

Older age - less b12 absorption

22
Q

Vitamin B9 deficiency cause

Study These Flashcards
A

Pregnancy
Malignancy
Alcoholism

23
Q

Vitamin C deficiency presentation

Study These Flashcards
A

Scurvy
- petechiae, bleeding gums, poor wound healing

24
Q

Vitamin C deficiency cause

Study These Flashcards
A

Excess Iron absorption
Alcoholism

25
Alcoholism is cause for ____ deficiency
Vitamin A, B9, B1, C
26
Genetic abnormalities can cause ___ deficiency
Vitamin E
27
Hemodialysis and bariatric surgery can cause ___ deficiency
B1 thiamine
28
Macrocytic anemia is due to ____ deficiency
Vitamin B9 or B12
29
Microcytic anemia is due to ____ deficiency
B6
30
Special populations that require specific supplementation
1. eating disorder 2. alcoholics 3. pregnancy 4. pediatrics 5. elderly 6. macular degeneration
31
Eating disorder
prevent refeeding sydrome - super low electrolytes, seizure risk, hypoxia, respiratory failiure
32
Alcoholics
1. Replenish fluids and electrolytes and fat soluble vitamins 2. supplement thiamine to prevent wernicke's 3. Folic acid to prevent macrocytic anemia
33
Pregnancy
prenatal vitamins -- folic and iron most important
34
Pediatrics
breast milk + vitamin D and iron avoid cow milk until 12 months (GI bleed, anemia, acidosis)
35
Elderly
Need more nutrients, but fewer calories K,C,D,B12 fiber
36
B12 in elderly
major role in cognitive function ,RBC production, nerve function requires acid to absorb, which older have less acidic
37
Macular degeneration
Supplement ACE A= retinal pigment CE = antioxidants +Lutein/Zeaxanthin maybe benefit
38
Drug interactions with vitamins
Antacids Abx H2RAs PPI Izoniazid Methotrexate Warfarin ACE/ARB Diuretics
39
antacids
thiamine deficiency
40
Abx
vitamin K deficiency
41
H2RA
B12 and Ca malabsorption (req. acid)
42
PPI
IRON, B12 and Ca malabsorption (req. acid)
43
Isoniazid
B3 and B6 deficiency
44
Methotrexate
Folic acid deficiency
45
Warfarin
Vitamin K --drug antitode A,C,E -- may inhibit PTT
46
ACEiARB
lose zinc in urine
47
Diuretics
Lose mg, K, zinc in urine
48
Major minerals >100 mg/day
Ca, Cl, Mg, Phos, K, Na, S
49
Trace minerals <100 mg/day
Iron, zinc, selenium, copper, fluoride, Chromium, nickel, etc
50
Correct calcium before determining deficiency
Ca + 0.8(4-albumin)

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