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vitamins Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

chemical name for vitamin A

A

retinol

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2
Q

chemical name for vitamin D

A

calciferols

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3
Q

chemical name for vitamin E

A

tocopherols

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4
Q

chemical name for vitamin K

A

quinones

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5
Q

chemical name for vitamin C

A

ascorbic acid

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6
Q

chemical name for vitamin B1

A

thiamin

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7
Q

chemical name for vitamin B2

A

riboflavin

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8
Q

chemical name for vitamin B3

A

nicotinic acid

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9
Q

chemical name for vitamin B5

A

pantothenic acid

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10
Q

chemical name for vitamin B6

A

pyridoxine

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11
Q

chemical name for vitamin B7

A

biotin

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12
Q

chemical name for vitamin B9

A

folic acid

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13
Q

chemical name for vitamin B12

A

cyanocobalamin

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14
Q

which vitamins are fat soluble

A

A, D, E, K

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15
Q

which vitamins are water soluble

A

B complex and C

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16
Q

what is avitaminosis

A

total absence of a vitamin

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17
Q

what is hypovitaminosis

A

partial lack of a vitamin

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18
Q

what is hypervitaminosis

A

excessive amount of a vitamin

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19
Q

metabolic functions of retinol

A

formation and integrity of epithelia
retinal function - combines with opsin to form rhodopsin = needed for night vision
bone growth
immune function

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20
Q

what is the chemical name for pro vitamin A

A

beta carotene

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21
Q

what are the sources of retinol

A

liver - accumulates and stored in the liver of animals
egg yolk
milk fat

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22
Q

sources of beta carotene

A

plants - grass

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23
Q

what are retinol deficient foods

A

cereal grains
meat

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24
Q

problems of retinol deficiency in cattle

A

rough scaly skin
night blindness
infertility
abortion
retained placenta
still birth

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25
problems with retinol deficiency in dogs
scaly skin night blindness abnormal skeletal growth
26
problems with retinol deficiency in cats
foetal defects infertility
27
problems with retinol deficiency in poultry
symptoms appear quickly pale comb and wattles, loss of condition, stunted growth, ruffled plumage susceptible to infectious diseases high mortality rate
28
what does poultry require when they are deficient in retinol
require vitamin A supplement in feed
29
effects of hypervitaminosis A in dogs and cats
abnormal bone deposition lameness vertebral spondylosis gingivitis weight loss poor coat
30
effects of hypervitaminosis A in pigs
excessive intake in pregnant sows may cause cardiac abnormalities in piglets
31
what is the biologically active form for vitamin D
1,25-dehydroxycholecalciferol
32
sources of vitamin D
sunlight on skin oily fish egg yolk hay colostrum
33
metabolic functions of Vitamin D
promotes Calcium absorption from digesta in the lumen stimulates phosphorus uptake from gut and reabsorption of both ca and p from bone and kidney = regulates amount of calcium and phosphorus in the body
34
problems with deficiencies of vitamin D
rickets (young animals)= weak bones osteomalacia in adults = weak bones poor egg shell quality and weak bones in poultry
35
sources of vitamin E
green fodder cereals
36
metabolic functions of vitamin E
biological antioxidant acts with selenium containing glutathione peroxidase to protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals important for normal reproductive function, muscular function and capillary integrity
37
problems with vitamin E deficiency and examples
nutritional myopathy - white muscle disease (calves) and stiff lamb disease cardiac disease - mulberry heart disease (pigs, calves) brain damage (crazy chick disease) lameness and muscle stiffness - tying up (horses)
38
sources of vitamin K
green leafy materials egg yolk, liver and fish gut bacteria synthesises it
39
how is vitamin K destroyed
heat and exposure to sunlight
40
metabolic functions of vitamin K
essential for the normal clotting of blood and bone and kidney function
41
signs of vitamin K deficiency in chicks
anaemia and delayed clotting of blood
42
what can ruminant bacteria synthesise in sufficient quantity
B complex vitamins
43
metabolic function of vitamin B complex
pathways of cellular respiration and energy transfer = co-enzymes
44
sources of vitamin B complex
liver yeast green foods cereals milk
45
metabolic functions of Vitamin B1
initiation and propagation of nerve impulses
46
signs of vitamin B1 deficiency
progressive dysfunction of of the nervous system paralysis blindness muscular dysfunction loss of appetite emaciation (thin or weak)
47
what is the effect of rumen microflora on thiamine (B1)
destroys it and causes a deficiency leading to cerebro-cortical nercrosis = blindness, recumbency, limb extension, death
48
what is a poor source of vitamin B2
cereals
49
metabolic function of vitamin B2
vital for oxidative phosphorylation and hydrogen transport
50
signs of vitamin B2 deficiency in pigs
poor appetite and growth skin eruptions vomiting eye abnormalities infertility and abortion
51
signs of vitamin B2 deficiency in chicks
curled toe paralysis
52
signs of vitamin B2 deficiency in ruminants
inappetance, diarrhoea and mouth lesions
53
signs of vitamin B6 deficiency in chicks
neural degeneration and jerky gait
54
sources of vitamin b12
foods of animal origin eg liver, meat, milk
55
metabolic function of vitamin B12
important coenzyme in cellular respiratory pathways
56
signs of vitamin B12 deficiency in young animals
poor growth
57
sources of ascorbic acid (vit C)
citrus fruits green, leafy vegetables synthetic
58
how is ascorbic acid destroyed
exposure to light and alkali
59
metabolic functions of ascorbic acid
normal collagen formation metabolic oxidation and reduction pathways iron transport antioxidant
60
what diet is vitamin c essential in
primates, guinea pigs and fruit bats
61
where do other species synthesise vitamin c from
glucose
62
signs of deficiency of vitamin C
muscle and joint pain lethargy appearance of red dots on skin weight loss diarrhoea rough hair coat reduced immune function

AHW - principles (13 decks)

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