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HUNT 141 > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Vitamins

A
  • Vital to Life
  • Do not provide energy
  • if absent or low in diet, symptoms of deficiency may appear
  • required in the diet in small amounts
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2
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B and C Vitamin

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3
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

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4
Q

Water Soluble Storage

A

Limited

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5
Q

Fat Soluble Storage

A

stored in cells associated with fat, so we shouldn’t consume to much of them.

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6
Q

B Vitamins Main Overall Function

A

are co enzymes for Energy Metabolism

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7
Q

B Vitamins in NZ Diet

A

NZ had adequate intake of all B Vitamins as many are found in small amount of lots of foods.

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8
Q

Berocca

A

Fill of B Vitamins = Life Energy

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9
Q

Co-Enzyme (B Vitamin)

A

is a small molecules that binds to the active site of a enzyme to help the enzyme bind better, and which the enzyme can’t function without it

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10
Q

Vitamins are Complex

A

if you are deficient in one vitamins this impacts other vitamins ability

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11
Q

B1

A

Thiamin

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12
Q

Thiamin Deficiency

A

Beriberi
Werncike-Korsakoff

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13
Q

Berberi (2)

A

Thiamin Deficiency where you eat lots of germinated foods.
- need to have a more diverse diet or fortification

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14
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff (3)

A

thiamin Deficiency
alcoholics - brain function
flour is fortified in NZ

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15
Q

Thiamin Food Sources (3)

A

Bread
Cereals
Legumes

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16
Q

B2

A

Riboflavin

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17
Q

Riboflavin Food Sources (2)

A

Milk and beverages

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18
Q

Riboflavin Deficiency Symtoms (3)

A
  • generalised symptoms
  • inflamed eyelids
  • purple tongue
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19
Q

B3

A

Niacin

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20
Q

Niacin Food Sources (3)

A

Poultry
Bread
Beef

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21
Q

Niacin Deficiency

A

Pellagra

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22
Q

Folate

A

need to eat a-lot to reach the RDI, so supplements are recommend in pregnancy

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23
Q

Pellagra

A

Niacin Deficiency and was found in low protein diets
symptoms are the 4 Ds
- Death
- Diarrhoea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia

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24
Q

B5

A

Pantothenic Acid

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25
Pantothenic Acid (4)
B5, is wide spread in foods, and deficiency and toxicity are rare.
26
B6
Pyridoxine
27
Pyridoxine Food Sources
Fruit and Veges
28
B7
Biotin
29
Biotin (2)
Deficiency and toxicity are rare wide spread in foods
30
B9
Folate
31
B12
Cobalamin
32
B12 Food Sources
only found in food with an animal origin
33
B12 Supply in Body
3-5 year supply
34
Whom are more likely to have a B12 Deficiency (2)
Vegans - low level from diet elderly
35
Vitamins Unit
ug
36
Scurvy
Caused by a lack of VC was common on voyages as they sailors wouldn't get fresh fruit/vege over a long period of time causing scurvy
37
How many Sailors would Dir during voyages
2/3 sailors
38
VC Deficiency Symtoms (3)
- Haemorrhages - Sore to move for children - Often sudden Death
39
James Cook and Scurvy
In 1772-75 he discovered that if they stopped for fresh foods and were clean on the boat no sailors would die, but it wasn't till later that this was scientifically proven
40
Scurvy Grass
used to prevent scurvy by ship crews visiting NZ
41
VC Function
antioxidant production of collagen co-factor of many things
42
VC main job as a Co-factor
Synthesis of Collagen Collagen is a important tissue in the body which in the absence of VC it can't not be made. this causes muscles to be weak, hence it is a symptom of scurvy
43
VC Absorption
done in small intestine efficiency of absorption declines with the more you consume
44
10mg and 400mg of VC
10mg - prevents scurvy 400mg - not additional benefits
45
VC Food Sources
Fruit and Vegetables
46
VC and Heat
don't heat them as this removes VC
47
VC and the Common Cold
VC doesn't prevent colds but it does decrease the duration of the cold
48
VC as other CoFactors (2)
Cortisol Production and Dopamine to Noradrenaline
49
VA
retinol and carotenoids
50
Carotenoids
are plant pigments - red, orange and yellow that help plants absorb light for photosynthesis and act as an antioxidant has many different forms but B-carotene is it's main form found in carrots
51
B-Carotene
the most bioavailable after retinol
52
Retinoids
found in animal products and comes in 3 forms - retinol - retinal - retinoic acid
53
Retinoids Conversions
retinal and retinol can interchange but retinoic acid can't turn back once made
54
VA Functions, and how it impacts it
Vision VA/retinal assists visual cycle of the conversion of cis to trans retinal in the eye which allows you to adjust and see in the dark. it is important to get enough of it in the diet. even though it can be converted to from retinol, not all of it is. It is important to catch onto it early on as you can cure it, but later on it becomes permanent.
55
Retinol
Reproduction, transport and storage form
56
Retinal
Vision Conversion of retinal to retinoic acid
57
Retinoic Acid
cell differentiation and growth
58
VA and Visions 2 roles
1. rod cells - night vision cone cells - adjusting to light 2. health of epithelial cells (if not this leads to blindness)
59
VA Deficiency
Blindness and nighttime blindness
60
VA Food Sources
veges butter milk
61
Solution to VA
fortification and supplementation important when a child
62
VA Toxicity
from lots of animal products or supplements
63
VK
has 2 natural forms, k2 is not essentiall for adults
64
VK and Blood Coagulation
Our DNA has a mRNA for blood coagulation which then takes a protein which has a side chain that gets carboxylated. this process requires VK to happen. This side chain then binds to Ca which then help heal the coagulation. Ca stops the clotting but VK makes the carboxylated bind to the protein.
65
VK in the Diet (2)
leafy greens veges upto 50% from bacteria in large bowel
66
VK Main Functions
Blood Clotting
67
VE Functions
powerful fat soluble antioxidant prevents VA from oxidation
68
VE Bioavailability
most available in foods and readily absorbed
69
VE Food Sources
Butter Veges Fruit
70
VE ATCB Trial
found that those in the VE supplement group had not benefits in terms of lung cancer. but they did find that Bcarotene increases risk of lunch cancer which is a concern.
71
Functions VC and VE VA VB VC VK
Antioxidants Protein Synthesis and Vision Energy Metabolism Collagen (scurvy) Blood Clotting
72
What Vitamin gets Toxicity
VA

HUNT 141 (13 decks)

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