Vitamins

Question 1

what is the name of Vitamin B1?

Answer 1

Thiamine

Question 2

What is its purpose?

Answer 2

essential coenzyme for oxidative decarboxylation.

Question 3

what is its active form?

Answer 3

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 4

what is its active form?

Answer 4

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

Question 5

Which enzymes require Thiamine as a coenzyme?

Answer 5

transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, BCKDH, and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.

Question 6

what functions other than being a coenzyme does Thiamine have?

Answer 6

TTP (thiamine triphosphate) is required for nerve function (unrelated to coenzyme activity).

Question 7

what does vitamin B1 deficiency cause?

Answer 7

dry beriberi and wet beriberi

Question 8

what are dry beriberi symptoms?

Answer 8

Peripheral neuropathy,
decreased muscle strength
and eventually, muscle
paralysis.

Question 9

what are wet beriberi symptoms?

Answer 9

cardiomegaly (heart enlargement), tachycardia (fast heart rate) and
edema.

Question 10

what happens in extreme cases of vitamin B deficiency?

Answer 10

beriberi is associated with Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome. Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff
syndromes are two forms of brain damage caused by thiamine
deficiency. Ataxia: inability to coordinate muscular movements
due to nervous disorders
Confusion
Memory loss
Opthalmoplegia: can’t follow light source
Nystagmus: involuntary jerking of the eye

Question 11

what is vitamin B2?

Answer 11

riboflavin

Question 12

coenzyme form of vit B2?

Answer 12

FMN and FAD

Question 13

functions of vitamin B2?

Answer 13

Hydrogen carrier in:
Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Fatty acid oxidation, Amino acid oxidation, Mitochondrial respiratory chain
and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 14

deficiency symptoms of B2?

Answer 14

cheilosis, glossitis, dermatitis, anemia and vascular changes in the cornea

Question 15

how is vitamin B2 assessed?

Answer 15

Riboflavin nutritional status is assessed by measurement of the activation
of erythrocyte glutathione reductase by FAD added in vitro.

Question 16

what is vitamin B3?

Answer 16

Niacin

Question 17

what amino acid is vitamin B3 synthesized from?

Answer 17

tryptophan

Question 18

coenzyme forms of niacin?

Answer 18

NAD+ and NADP+

Question 19

synthesis of niacin?

Answer 19

requires tryptophan, riboflavin and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine).

Question 20

what reactions is vitamin b3 important in?

Answer 20

hydrogen transfer reactions catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes

Question 21

niacin deficiency?

Answer 21

pellagra. pellagra occurs due to the inability to absorb niacin or the amino acid tryptophan. any deficiency in vit B6 or vit B2 can cause vit B3 deficiency.

Question 22

niacin used to treat what?

Answer 22

hyperlipidemia ( an abnormally high concentration of lipids in the blood).

Question 23

what is Vitamin B5?

Answer 23

pantothenic acid

Question 24

coenzyme form?

Answer 24

coenzyme A and acyl carrier proteins (ACP).

Question 25

vitamin B6 name?

Answer 25

pyridoxine

Question 26

what is the functional group of vitamin B6?

Answer 26

Aldehyde

Question 27

coenzyme of vitamin B6

Answer 27

pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

Question 28

function of B6?

Answer 28

transamination reactions, decarboxylation reactions, breakdown of glycogen ( B6 is a cofactor for glycogen phosphorylase). vitamin B6 is present in the muscles most in PLP coenzyme form bound to glycogen phosphorylase to break down glycogen. Synthesis of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) Synthesis of niacin (vitamin B3) from the amino acid tryptophan.

Question 29

vitamin B6 deficiency?

Answer 29

deficiencies are rare cause abnormalities of tryptophan and methionine metabolism To cause increased sensitivity to steroid hormone action Development of hormone-dependent cancer of the breast, uterus, and prostate cause anemia

Question 30

what is vitamin B6 effective in?

Answer 30

Vitamin B6 is effective in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and diabetes.

Question 31

what is vitamin B7?

Answer 31

biotin

Question 32

what can synthesis biotin

Answer 32

intestinal bacteria

Question 33

function of biotin?

Answer 33

transfer CO2 in a small number of reactions

Question 34

biotin B7 deficiency?

Answer 34

deficiency found in people who are on total parental nutrition and people who eat egg whites. Lethargy, depression, hallucinations, anorexia, nausea, loss of hair, dermatitis

Question 35

what is vitamin B9

Answer 35

folic acid

Question 36

what is the active form of folic acid?

Answer 36

tetrahydrofolate (THF)

Question 37

what does vitamin B9 do?

Answer 37

vitamin B9 provides methyl group and B9 is used for rapid cell division.

Question 38

look at folate metabolism in slides

Question 39

role of folic acid in dna synthesis?

Answer 39

folic acid is required for the synthesis of building blocks of DNA

Question 40

effect of deficiency of vitamin B9

Answer 40

impairment in TMP and purine synthesis cell cycle arrest in S-phase of rapidly proliferating cells, especially hematopoietic cells.

Question 41

B9 deficiency

Answer 41

megaloblastic anemia same like vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy can cause neutral tube defects such as spina bifida cardiovascular disease

Question 42

vitamin B12 name

Answer 42

cobalamin

Question 43

coenzyme forms of B12

Answer 43

adenosylcobalamin and methycobalamin