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Nutrition > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A

A,D,E,K

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2
Q

Which type of vitamins are stored in larger amounts?

A

Fat-soluble

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3
Q

Replacing lost ingredients

A

Enriched

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4
Q

Adding extra nutrients to food

A

Fortified

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5
Q

Inactive vitamins

A

Provitamins

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6
Q

Vitamin that functions in vision, cell development, reproduction, bones and immunity

A

Vitamin A

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7
Q

Forms of vitamin A

A

Active (retinoids) and carotenoids

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8
Q

Retinal, retinol, retinoic acids

A

Types of active vitamin A

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9
Q

Types of active vitamin A

A

Retinal, retinol, retinoic acids

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10
Q

Vitamin A sources

A

Animal, plant, fortified foods

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11
Q

Poor vision, cell development, and immune function

A

Vitamin A deficiency

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12
Q

Vitamin A deficiency can cause

A

Poor vision, cell development, and immune function

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13
Q

Vitamin A toxicity

A

Can be fatal

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14
Q

Vitamin A Functions

A

Vision, cells, immune system, reproduction, bones

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15
Q

Vitamin A deficiency specific deficiency issues

A

Xerophthalmia, keratin plugging pores, vulnerable to infection, slow growth, bone deformities

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16
Q

Xerophthalmia, keratin plugging pores, vulnerable to infection, slow growth, bone deformities

A

Vitamin A deficiency specific deficiency issues

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17
Q

What causes Xerophthalmia?

A

Vitamin A deficency

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18
Q

Vitamin A deficiency that causes a dry cornea

A

Xerophthalmia

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19
Q

Vitamin A deficiency involving skin

A

Keratin clogging pores

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20
Q

Vitamin A deficiency involving immune system

A

Vulnerable to infection

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21
Q

Other vitamin A deficiencies

A

Slow growth, bone deformities

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22
Q

Symptoms of vitamin A toxicity

A

Fatigue, vomiting, abdominal pain, bone & joint pain, loss of appetite, skin disorder, headache, blurred vision, liver damage

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23
Q

Vitamin A toxicity causes this for pregnancy

A

Teratogen

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24
Q

Agent that causes birth defect

A

Teratogen

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25
Vitamin A toxicity teratogen causes
Cleft palate, heart defects, discolored skin
26
Plant pigments that convert to vitamin A
Carotenoids
27
What skin product can cause vitamin A toxicity?
Acne treatment
28
Carotenoid functions
Vision, reduce cancer risk, cataracts, bone loss, diabetes, macular degeneration
29
Vision, reduce cancer risk, cataracts, bone loss, diabetes, macular degeneration
Carotenoid functions
30
Where is Vitamin D activated?
Liver and kidney
31
Vitamin D functions
Bone health, protects against cancer and chronic disease, regulation of insulin and secretion
32
Vitamin A sources
liver, milk, egg yolk
33
Vitamin D sources
sunlight, fortified milk, fortified foods
34
Vitamin D deficiency in children
Rickets
35
Weak bones prone to deformity in children, vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
36
Vitamin D deficiency in adults
Osteomalacia and osteoporosis
37
Softening of bones, increased risk of fractures, Vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia
38
Decreased bone density, causes fractures, brittle bones, Vitamin D deficiency
Osteoporosis
39
Vitamin D Toxicity
Hypercalcomia
40
Elevated calcium levels in blood, Vitamin D toxicity
Hypercalcomia
41
Vitamin E forms
Eight Alpha compounds
42
Vitamin E functions
Antioxidant
43
Protects cell membranes from free radicals
Antioxidant
44
Vitamin E sources
Nuts, seeds, whole grains
45
Vitamin E deficiency
Occurs with fat malnutrition, rare genetic disorder
46
Vitamin E toxicity
Interfere with blood clotting
47
Vitamin K functions
Blood clotting, bone formation
48
Vitamin K sources
Green vegetables, plant oils, intestinal bacteria
49
Vitamin K deficiency
Rare, can occur in newborn babies
50
Vitamin K toxicity
Interferes with anticoagulant medications, rare
51
Primarily coenzymes, antioxidants
Water soluble vitamins
52
Thiamine, B1 Functions
Coenzyme in energy metabolisms, part of coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)
53
Coenzyme that breaks down glucose, makes RNA & DNA, powers protein synthesis, and synthesizes and regulates neurotransmitters
Thiamine Pyrophosphate
54
Thiamine B1 Sources
Pork, legumes, nuts, seeds, enriched grain products
55
Thiamin deficiency
Beriberi
56
Thiamin deficiency, causes muscle weakness and nerve destruction
Beriberi
57
Thiamin Toxicity
No reports
58
Riboflavin B2 functions
Coenzyme in energy metabolism, supports antioxidants
59
Riboflavin B2 sources
Milk and dairy, enriched grains, eggs
60
Riboflavin B2 Deficiency
Ariboflavinosis
61
Mouth sores and cracking, Riboflavin deficiency
Ariboflavinosis
62
Niacin B3 Functions
Coenzyme, supports fatty acid synthesis
63
Niacin B3 sources
Can be made from amino acid, whole and enriched grains, meats, nuts, seeds
64
Niacin B3 Deficiency
Pellagra
65
4 D's: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death, Niacin B3 deficiency
Pellagra
66
Niacin B3 toxicity and medicinal uses
High doses treat blood cholesterol, side effects: Skin flushing, liver damage
67
Vitamin B6 function
Coenzyme in protein metabolism, immune system support, lower homocysteine levels
68
Vitamin B6 Sources
Meat, fish, potatos
69
Vitamin B6 Deficiency
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
70
Small and pale blood cells, vitamin B6 deficiency
Microcytic hypochromic anemia
71
Vitamin B6 toxicity
Neurological damage, prickling sensation, headache
72
Folate Functions
Coenzymes in DNA synthesis and cell division, needed for red blood cell synthesis, reduce neural tube deficits, metabolize homocystiene
73
Folate sources
Enriched grains, leafy vegetables, orange juice, seeds, legumes
74
Folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia and diarrhea
75
Folate deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia, birth defects (spina bifida), heart disease
76
Spinal cord doesn't close properly, folate deficiency of mother
Spina Bifida
77
Folate toxicity
Can mask B12 deficiency, can cause hives, respiratory defects
78
Vitamin B12 functions
Normal folate function: DNA & red blood cell synthesis and metabolize homocysteine, maintain myelin sheath
79
Vitamin B12 sources
Only animal products
80
Vitamin that requires adequate stomach acid and intrinsic factor for absorption
Vitamin B12
81
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia, permanent nerve damage
82
Decreased amount of red blood cells due to vitamin B12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia
83
Pantothenic Acid Function
Component of Coenzyme A
84
Pantothenic Acid sources
widespread in food
85
Biotin Functions
Coenzyme, AA metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, energy release from fatty acids, DNA synthesis
86
Biotin Sources
cauliflower, liver, peanuts, cheese
87
Vitamin C functions
Antioxidants, collagen synthesis, enhances iron absorption from plants
88
Vitamin C sources
Fruits and vegetables
89
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
90
Sores on skin, vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
91
Vitamin C toxicity
GI distress
92
Choline Function
Metabolize homosysteine
93
Choline Sources
Milk, liver
94
Unnecessary substances in some supplements
Bogus vitamins

Nutrition (5 decks)

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