Vitamins

Question 1

What is a vitamin?

Answer 1

An organic substance that is not synthesized within the body.

Question 2

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 2

Vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Question 3

Where are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed?

Answer 3

From the intestinal tract associated with lipids.

Question 4

What are the two classes of vitamin A?

Answer 4

• Preformed vitamin A (from animal products) * Provitamin A (carotenoids from plants)

Question 5

What is the major natural form of vitamin A?

Answer 5

Retinol.

Question 6

What is the usual adult dose of vitamin A for treating deficiency?

Answer 6

10,000 to 25,000 units per day for 1 to 2 weeks.

Question 7

What is Tretinoin used for?

Answer 7

Topical treatment for acne vulgaris.

Question 8

What is the primary form of vitamin D encountered in zoologic species?

Answer 8

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3).

Question 9

What is the significance of vitamin D being called the ‘sunshine vitamin’?

Answer 9

Ultraviolet light is involved in its conversion from provitamin substances.

Question 10

What is Calcitriol used for?

Answer 10

Utility in patients with kidney failure.

Question 11

What is the usual initial dose of Dihydrotachysterol?

Answer 11

0.8 to 24 mg daily for several days.

Question 12

What is cod liver oil derived from?

Answer 12

Fresh livers of Cadus morrhua Linné and other species in the Gadidae family.

Question 13

What vitamin is Alpha-tocopherol associated with?

Answer 13

Vitamin E.

Question 14

What is the RDA for vitamin E for adults and children over 4 years?

Answer 14

30 units.

Question 15

What are the potential adverse effects of high doses of vitamin E?

Answer 15

Increased tendencies of bleeding.

Question 16

What is the primary function of vitamin K?

Answer 16

Exhibits antihemorrhagic activity.

Question 17

What are the four forms of vitamin K?

Answer 17

• Phytonadione (K1) * Prenylmenaquinone-7 (K2) * Menadione (K3) * Menadiol (K4)

Question 18

What is the major means of transporting vitamin K to the liver?

Answer 18

The lymphatic system.

Question 19

What does the vitamin B complex include?

Answer 19

• Thiamine (B1) * Riboflavin (B2) * Niacin (B3) * Pantothenic acid (B5) * Pyridoxine (B6) * Folic acid (B9) * Cyanocobalamin (B12)

Question 20

What is the deficiency condition associated with vitamin B1?

Answer 20

Beriberi.

Question 21

What are the dietary sources of vitamin B1?

Answer 21

• Whole grains * Legumes * Meat

Question 22

What is the effect of cooking on vitamin B1 in foods?

Answer 22

50% of vitamin in foods is destroyed.

Question 23

What are the dosage forms available for vitamin K?

Answer 23

• Oral tablets * Subcutaneous injection * Intramuscular injection

Question 24

True or False: Vitamin K can be given to pregnant women in their last weeks.

Answer 24

False.

Question 25

What is the usual dose of phytonadione for adults?

Answer 25

2.5 to 10 mg.

Question 26

What is Vitamin B1 also known as?

Answer 26

Thiamine

Question 27

What deficiency condition is associated with Vitamin B1?

Answer 27

Beriberi

Question 28

What syndrome is linked to Vitamin B1 deficiency?

Answer 28

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome

Question 29

What is the adult dosage of Vitamin B1?

Answer 29

1.5 mg

Question 30

What is the dosage of Vitamin B1 for children under 4 years old?

Answer 30

0.7 mg

Question 31

What form is Vitamin B2 also referred to as?

Answer 31

Riboflavin

Question 32

What color is Vitamin B2?

Answer 32

Yellow

Question 33

What is a notable property of Vitamin B2?

Answer 33

Sensitive to light

Question 34

What is the usual dosage of Vitamin B2 for adults?

Answer 34

5 to 10 mg per day

Question 35

What is the classic niacin-deficiency condition?

Answer 35

Pellagra

Question 36

What are the three D's associated with niacin deficiency?

Answer 36

* Dermatitis * Diarrhea * Dementia

Question 37

What is Vitamin B5 also known as?

Answer 37

Pantothenic Acid

Question 38

What is the primary function of Vitamin B5?

Answer 38

To make coenzyme A (CoA)

Question 39

What is the most distinctive symptom of Vitamin B5 deficiency?

Answer 39

Burning foot syndrome

Question 40

What is the active form of Vitamin B6?

Answer 40

Pyridoxal 5’ phosphate (PLP)

Question 41

What is a common symptom of Vitamin B6 deficiency?

Answer 41

Microcytic anemia

Question 42

What is the dosage range for dietary supplementation of Vitamin B6?

Answer 42

10 to 20 mg per day

Question 43

What are other names for Vitamin B9?

Answer 43

* Folic acid * Folacin * Pteroylglutamic acid

Question 44

What are the clinical symptoms of Vitamin B9 deficiency?

Answer 44

* Megaloblastic anemia * Macrocytic anemia * Glossitis

Question 45

What is another name for Vitamin B12?

Answer 45

Cobalamin

Question 46

What is a common source of Vitamin B12?

Answer 46

* Meat * Fish * Dairy products

Question 47

What is a precursor of folic acid?

Answer 47

Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)

Question 48

What is the role of Choline?

Answer 48

Component of lecithin and precursor of acetylcholine

Question 49

What are the components of multivitamin therapy?

Answer 49

* Vitamins A, D, E, K, C, B complex * Minerals

Question 50

What is Vitamin C also known as?

Answer 50

L-ascorbic acid

Question 51

What is a key function of Vitamin C?

Answer 51

Prevents scurvy and aids in collagen formation

Question 52

What is the maximum intestinal absorption capacity of Vitamin C?

Answer 52

About 1200 mg per 24 hours

Question 53

What is a common dietary source of Biotin?

Answer 53

* Egg yolk * Liver * Cereal grains * Milk

Question 54

What is a notable characteristic of Biotin?

Answer 54

Generally considered well tolerated and free of side effects

Question 55

Fill in the blank: Vitamin B1 is used to treat _______.

Answer 55

deficiency conditions resulting from intestinal malabsorption

Question 56

True or False: Niacin is effective for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

What vitamin is primarily involved in the metabolism of amino acids and fatty acids?

Answer 57

Vitamin B12