Vitamins

Question 1

What are vitamins?

Answer 1

Non-energy yielding organic compounds essential for normal growth and nutrition required in small quantities in the diet.

Question 2

What are the two categories of vitamins based on solubility?

Answer 2

• Fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
• Water soluble vitamins: B group, C

Question 3

What is the historical significance of the term ‘vitamine’?

Answer 3

Isolated compounds to treat beriberi were named ‘vitamine’, meaning vital amine.

Question 4

What deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin A?

Answer 4

Night blindness, Xerophthalmia

Question 5

What deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)?

Answer 5

Beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Question 6

What is the active form of Vitamin D?

Answer 6

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol

Question 7

What are the three forms of Vitamin A?

Answer 7

• Retinol (Alcohol)
• Retinal (Aldehyde)
• Retinoic acid (Acid)

Question 8

Which vitamin is known for its antioxidant properties?

Answer 8

Vitamin E

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Vitamin D can be synthesized by the skin when exposed to _______.

Answer 9

sunlight

Question 10

What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin D?

Answer 10

600 IU

Question 11

What is Scurvy a deficiency of?

Answer 11

Vitamin C

Question 12

What are the roles of Vitamin C?

Answer 12

• Synthesis of collagen
• Antioxidant
• Immunity

Question 13

What deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?

Answer 13

Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia)

Question 14

What can cause Vitamin B7 (Biotin) deficiency?

Answer 14

Chronic consumption of raw eggs due to avidin

Question 15

What is the bioactive form of Vitamin B1?

Answer 15

Thiamin pyrophosphate

Question 16

Which vitamin is involved in the post-translational synthesis of γ-carboxyglutamic acid?

Answer 16

Vitamin K

Question 17

What is the stability of Vitamin E like during food processing?

Answer 17

Reasonably good stability but susceptible to oxidation

Question 18

What is the main source of Vitamin K?

Answer 18

Leafy greens and livers

Question 19

True or False: Vitamin K deficiency is common.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What is the stability of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) under acidic conditions?

Answer 20

Most stable

Question 21

What is the stability of Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) under acidic pH?

Answer 21

Relatively stable

Question 22

What is the degradation of ascorbic acid dependent on?

Answer 22

• Oxygen partial pressure
• Temperature
• pH
• Presence of metal ions

Question 23

What are the forms of Vitamin K?

Answer 23

• Menadione (synthetic)
• Phylloquinone (vitamin K1)
• Menaquinone (vitamin K2)

Question 24

What is the primary source of Vitamin D3?

Answer 24

Fish liver oil

Question 25

What vitamin is synthesized by microorganisms?

Answer 25

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

Question 26

What is the effect of light on Vitamin D?

Answer 26

Vitamin D is sensitive to light, oxidation, and alkali

Question 27

What is the relative vitamin A activity of all-trans β-carotene?

Answer 27

100

Question 28

What is the common deficiency associated with Vitamin B12?

Answer 28

Pernicious anemia, neurological disorders