Vitamins

Question 1

Where do some vitamins get activate?

Answer 1

Small intestine

Question 2

Who are some people that are at risk for vitamin deficiency?

Answer 2

Alcoholic , weight concious athlete, digestion or absorption problem, and elderly

Question 3

What is preliminary vitamin deficiency?

Answer 3

Inadequate intake due to change in diet or need

Question 4

What is biochemical vitamin deficiency?

Answer 4

There is a decrease in the blood supply it is evident in tissue tests

Question 5

What is physiological vitamin deficiency?

Answer 5

Nonspecific symptoms like fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite

Question 6

What is clinical vitamin deficiency?

Answer 6

Specific symptoms such as night blindness for vitamin A

Question 7

How can we lost vitamins from cooking?

Answer 7

If we boil vegetables too long we lose the water soluble vitamins

Question 8

What are the functions of vitamins ?

Answer 8

Energy production, tissue synthesis And maintenance, digestion and absorption, and antioxidant vitamins serve as free radical scavengers

Question 9

What are free radicals and how do we fix it?

Answer 9

Free radicals can pick up or dump electrons, they can cause damage to membranes, DNA which causes cancer, and LDL cholesterol oxidation. We use antioxidant vitamins to react with them so they don’t cause as much damage

Question 10

What are some antioxidants?

Answer 10

Vitamin C, vitamin E, Beta carotene , selenium these MINIMIZE BUT NOT PREVENT FREE RADICALS

Question 11

What are the aspects of the body that vitamin A helps?

Answer 11

Eyes= retinol in dairy and animal products (rhodopsin is in orange vegetables). Also protein synthesis in bones, teeth, epithelial cells

Question 12

What vitamin is beta carotene a part of and what is it?

Answer 12

Vitamin A- it is a pro vitamin A antioxidant. This is why it’s okay to not get a lot of vitamin A if we at least get all our beta carotene

Question 13

What is the active form of vitamin D

Answer 13

Calciferol

Question 14

Where do we get vitamin D from and how is it activated?

Answer 14

We get vitamin D mostly from animals but sometimes from plants. It is activated by sunlight . (If we don’t get enough activated vitamin D in winter we could get seasonal depression )

Question 15

What is the function of vitamin D? What happens if it reaches a toxic level?

Answer 15

Calcium and phosphorus absorption which is good for bone density -if it gets to a toxic level there is calcification of organs such as kidneys, lungs, arteries

Question 16

What is the activated form of vitamin E and where do we get it?

Answer 16

Alpha-tocopherol. We find it in oils and nuts. Sometimes in fatty foods

Question 17

What is vitamin E an antioxidant for?

Answer 17

It is an antioxidant for lipid membranes and lipid proteins - it prevents LDL oxidation and prevents atherosclerosis so prevents stoke s d heart attack

Question 18

What is the most common food that has vitamin E and how do we lose it on accident?

Answer 18

Olive oil is most common. We can lose it in cooking degradation by cooking too hot- deep frying over 500 degrees

Question 19

What is the active form of vitamin K and what is its function?

Answer 19

Phylloquinone and it is a clotting factor in blood. This is why if we have s deficiency we have bleeding

Question 20

Where do we find vitamin K?

Answer 20

In liver and vegetables - it is fat soluble so we can store if needed

Question 21

What is another name for vitamin B1?

Answer 21

Thiamin

Question 22

Where do we get vitamin b1 from and where is it activated?

Answer 22

It is often added (fortified) into meats, yeast, and breads . It is activated and absorbed in the intestine

Question 23

What is the function of vitamin B1?

Answer 23

Functions in decarboxylations- chopping a carbon off to run glycolysis fast . Pyruvate (3C) to acetyl coA (2C)

Question 24

What is another name for vitamin B2?

Answer 24

Riboflavin

Question 25

Where do we find vitamin B2 and what is its function?

Answer 25

Get it from eggs, bread, fortified foods, milk and dairy . It functions in the ETC (FAD). It is also for protein metabolism (breaking it down)

Question 26

Where is niacin found and what is its function?

Answer 26

It is found in high protein foods- meats, eggs, beans . Its function is the electron carrier in NAD. It is for fatty acid synthesis, glycogen synthesis, and works with vitamin A for vision.

Question 27

What was niacin formerly used for?

Answer 27

Used to try to decrease LDL cholesterol by taking 3g per day but caused flush face, too much RBC, and hot flashes . Could decrease FFA release from adipose tissue

Question 28

What is the activated form of vitamin B6? Where is it found? What does it do?

Answer 28

Pyroxidine- it is found in many foods . It is for protein metabolism deaminations which is taking off the amino group . It is also for glycogen breakdown, fatty acid synthesis, and hormones and neurotransmitter synthesis

Question 29

Where is pantothenic acid and what does it do it do?

Answer 29

Found in many foods- it is a component of of co enzyme A to activate it - also good for synthesis of : phospholipids, cholesterol, hemoglobin. This vitamin can affect performance

Question 30

Where is folate found and what is its function?

Answer 30

Found in fruits, leafy veggies, and fortified foods. It is good for synthesis of nucleic acids, synthesis of RBC.

Question 31

Who is most deficient in folate?

Answer 31

Pregnant women, bad because brain damage

Question 32

What is another name for vitamin B12 and where is it found?

Answer 32

It is also called cobalamin. It is only found in animal products, this is why vegans are at risk for deficiency in this

Question 33

What is vitamin B12 function?

Answer 33

It is needed for folate metabolism, to make coenzyme A, it is also a one carbon donor or recipient (this is good if we have an odd number fatty acid)

Question 34

Where is biotin found and what is its function?

Answer 34

Found in organ meats, legumes, and green leafy veggies . It can add or remove a carbon (just like cobalamin) , it would s also for gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis

Question 35

Where is choline found and why it it not really essential?

Answer 35

It is found in meat products and it is not really essential in adultsbecause we can manufacture it from other parts. However it is essential in infants

Question 36

What is the function of choline?

Answer 36

It is for nerve transmission- acetylcholine. It causes muscles to fire- it is electrically sensitive

Question 37

What is another name for vitamin C and where is it found?

Answer 37

It is also called ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits, green veggies, and liver. It is very Important as an antioxidant , used in the storage of iron, synthesis of collagen, bile acids, and epinephrine, also for immune system function.

Question 38

How do we ruin vitamin C?

Answer 38

By not storing it right, it gets oxidized when open to air

Question 39

What happens if we have a lack of collagen in the body?

Answer 39

Loose joints, bad gums, (scurvy) it is 1/3 of the bodies protein

Question 40

How many vitamins do we need in our day?

Answer 40

13