Vitamins

Question 1

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 1

A, D, E & K

Question 2

Do fat soluble vitamins have to be consumed every day?

Answer 2

No, they are stored in fat

Question 3

Which vitamin is considered to be the most important vitamin?

Answer 3

Vitamin A

Question 4

What is the function of vitamin A?

Answer 4

Maintenance of bodily linings and skin

Question 5

What are some symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 5

Issues with skin or bodily linings, blindness, stunting of growth, issues with enamel forming cells on teeth

Question 6

What is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 6

Helps the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels: helps kidneys to re-absorb phosphorus and calcium from waste, helps small intestine to absorb calcium and phosphorus from food
^these functions help to maintain bone integrity

Question 7

What is the primary source of vitamin D?

Answer 7

It may be synthesized from cholesterol in the skin, synthesis is activated by sunlight

Question 8

What are symptoms of vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 8

Rickets (children) and Osteomalacia (adults)

Question 9

What are symptoms of Rickets?

Answer 9

Bone softening, weak bones, deformed bone stucture

Question 10

What are some symptoms of Osteomalacia?

Answer 10

Bone softening, sponge-like bone structure

Question 11

What are some functions of vitamin E?

Answer 11

Acts as an antioxidant, helps stabilize cell membranes, regulates bodily oxygen reactions, helps to protect double bonds from being destroyed in PUFAs

Question 12

What are symptoms of vitamin E deficiency?

Answer 12

Reproductive issues, loss of sexual potency

Question 13

What are sources of vitamin E?

Answer 13

Widely available from a normal diet

Question 14

What are the functions of vitamin K?

Answer 14

Helps the liver to produce a protein, prothrombin, which helps with blood clotting, helps to maintain bone health

Question 15

What is prothrombin?

Answer 15

A protein produced in the liver which helps with blood clotting. Vitamin K helps with its production

Question 16

What are symptoms of vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 16

Issues with prothrombin production and blood clotting

Question 17

What is Dicoumarol?

Answer 17

A blood thinning drug

Question 18

What is Warfarin?

Answer 18

Rat poison (affects vitamin K to cause internal bleeding and death)

Question 19

What do all water-soluble vitamins act as?

Answer 19

Coenzymes - subtances which bind to inactive enzymes to activate them

Question 20

What is the first B vitamin? What is its function?

Answer 20

Thiamin (B-1). It is involved in carbohydrate metabolism as well as with ribose production (involved with RNA production)

Question 21

What is a symptom of a Thiamin (B-1) deficiency?

Answer 21

Beriberi

Question 22

What is beriberi?

Answer 22

A disease resulting from thiamin (B-1) deficiency which deals with an inability to extract energy from carbohydrates

Question 23

Called the “morale vitamin”

Answer 23

thiamin (B-12)

Question 24

What are sources of thiamin (B-12)?

Answer 24

lean pork, whole grains, enriched cereals

Question 25

What is the second B vitamin? What is its function?

Answer 25

Riboflavin (B-2). It is involved with carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.

Question 26

What are sources of Riboflavin (B-2)?

Answer 26

Milk, other calcium rich foods

Question 27

Which vitamin is light sensitive?

Answer 27

Riboflavin (B-2)

Question 28

What is the third B vitamin? What is its function?

Answer 28

Niacin (B-3). It is involved with carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism as well as with making proteins and DNA/RNA.

Question 29

What are sources of Niacin (B-3)?

Answer 29

Meat, liver, peanut butter

Question 30

What are symptoms of a Niacin (B-3) deficiency?

Answer 30

Pellagra (4 D's)

Question 31

A toxicity in this vitamin results in flushing

Answer 31

Niacin (B-3)

Question 32

What is pellagra?

Answer 32

A serious disease resulting from a niacin deficiency. Symptoms include dermatitis, dementia, diarreha and death

Question 33

Which vitamin can be synthesized by intestinal flora as well as the protein, tryptophan?

Answer 33

Niacin (B-3)

Question 34

What is the sixth B vitamin? What is its purpose?

Answer 34

Pyridoxine (B-6). It is involved with metabolism of proteins as well as with the conversion of glycogen into glucose.

Question 35

What are sources of Pyridoxine?

Answer 35

Meat, potatoes, bananas

Question 36

A toxicity in this vitamin causes numbness

Answer 36

Pyridoxine (B-6)

Question 37

This is the B-vitamin without a specific number, what is its function?

Answer 37

Folate or Folic Acid. It is involved with the regeneration of cells as well as DNA production

Question 38

What are sources of Folate or Folic Acid?

Answer 38

Oranges, leafy greens

Question 39

Too much of this vitamin may mask a B-12 deficiency

Answer 39

Folate (Folic Acid)

Question 40

What are symptoms of a Folate or Folic Acid deficiency?

Answer 40

Megaloblastic Anemia or Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)

Question 41

What is Megaloblastic Anemia?

Answer 41

The development of overly large, immature blood cells which do not function properly

Question 42

What are Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)?

Answer 42

Inadequate formation a fetus's spinal cord during early stages of pregnancy

Question 43

What is the function of vitamin B-12?

Answer 43

Involved with cell formation (red blood cell formation), helps to maintain neural myelin sheaths

Question 44

What is the intrinsic factor? What is its function?

Answer 44

An enzyme present in the stomach. It helps the body to absorb vitamin B-12 from consumed food

Question 45

What are sources of vitamin B-12?

Answer 45

Animal products (meat, seafood, milk)

Question 46

Which vitamin is adequately stored for long periods of time in the liver?

Answer 46

vitamin B-12

Question 47

What are symptoms of vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Answer 47

Megaloblastic Anemia or Pernicious Anemia (deadly anemia)

Question 48

What is Pernicious Anemia (deadly anemia)?

Answer 48

A serious disease characterized by a loss of neural functioning

Question 49

Processing of grains often removes which vitamins?

Answer 49

B vitamins

Question 50

What consistently correlates with vitamin deficiency?

Answer 50

Alcohalism