Vitamins Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
Niacin deficiency is also called….
A
Pellagra
2
Q
Pellagra
A
Niacin deficiency
3
Q
Symptoms of this vitamin deficiency include fatigue, diarrhea, mental deterioration, and even death in come cases.
A
Pellagra or Niacin deficiency
4
Q
Kimani the Gorilla was dying from ______ deficiency
A
Vitamin D
5
Q
Chemical substances that perform specific functions in the body.
A
Vitamins
6
Q
Must be included in our diet
A
Essential nutrients
7
Q
__ vitamins have been discovered so far
A
14
8
Q
List the 2 basic types of vitamins.
A
1) water soluble
2) fat soluble
9
Q
List some examples of Water soluble vitamins
A
B-complex vitamins
Vitamin C
10
Q
List some examples of Fat soluble vitamins.
A
Vitamins D,E,K,A (or the DEKA vitamins)
11
Q
DEKA
A
Vitamins D, E, K, and A
12
Q
People do not develop deficiency diseases when they consume too little of the _____ vitamins.
A
bogus
13
Q
What type?
B-complex vitamins
A
water-soluble
14
Q
What type?
vitamin C
A
water-soluble
15
Q
Vitamins D, E, K, A
A
Fat soluble
16
Q
What type?
Folate
A
water-soluble
17
Q
What type?
Biotin
A
water-soluble
18
Q
What type?
Pantothenic acid
A
water-soluble
19
Q
What type?
Choline
A
water-soluble
20
Q
What type?
Vitamin C
A
water-soluble
21
Q
Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins…
A
(Vitamins) A,D,E & K
22
Q
Fat-soluble vitamins dissolve in _____.
A
lipid
23
Q
Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in _____; toxicity can occur when consumed in excess
A
tissue
24
Q
Fat-soluble vitamins are often present in the _____ _______ of foods.
A
fatty portion
25
With fat-soluble vitamins, ____ amounts are necessary for good health.
small
26
Fat-soluble vitamins - Absorption occurs in the _____ ______.
small intestine
27
Fat-soluble vitamins: following absorption, they leave the small intestine in _____.
chylomicrons
28
Water-soluble vitamins include the eight ___ vitamins, Vitamin _, and ____.
(eight) B vitamins
Vitamin C
Choline
29
Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in ____.
water
30
water-soluble vitamins are not stored in large amounts in _____; toxicity generally ____ ____ _____.
tissues
| does not occur
31
Water-soluble vitamins: Many are easily _____ or _____ during food storage or preparation.
destroyed
| removed
32
Water-soluble vitamins: _____ amounts are necessary for good health.
small
33
Water-soluble vitamins: All except _____ function as coenzymes.
Choline
34
Water-soluble vitamins: Most circulate freshly in the ____.
blood
35
Vitamins don't provide ____.
energy
36
Some vitamins play critical roles as ____ in the conversion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into energy.
coemzymes
37
Vitamins are involved in reactions that build and maintain _____ _____ such as bone, muscle, and red blood cells.
body tissues
38
Vitamins participate in reactions that affect ____
behaviors
39
A nutrient that ca be converted into another nutrient
precursor
40
________ is a precursor of Vitamin A.
Beta-carotene
41
Chemical substances that prevent or repair damage to cells caused by exposure to free radicals.
Antioxidants
42
Beta-carotene, Vitamin E, and Vitamin C function as ___.
antioxidants
43
_______, Vitamin __,, and vitamin C function as antioxidants.
beta-carotene
| (vitamin) E
44
A precursor is also called a
provitamin
45
beta-carotene is a precursor to vitamin _.
(vitamin) A
46
Name the 3 antioxidant vitamins.
Beta-carotene (vitamin A precursor), Vitamin E, and vitamin C
47
The antioxidant vitamins (Vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene) prevent or repair damage to components of cells caused by exposure to ________ _____..
free radicals
48
Atoms and molecules that have lost electrons to free radicals are said to be ____.
oxidized
49
Atoms and molecules that have lost electrons to free radicals can damage lipids, ____ membranes, DNA, and other cell components.
cell
50
Folate's Functions: Acts as a ____ in metabolism of certain amino acids.
coenzyme
51
Folate's Functions: Helps w/ the synthesis of ____ and ____.
DNA
| RNA
52
Folate's Functions: Helps with normal cell ____ & ____.
division
| developement
53
Folate is a _____-soluble vitamin
water(-soluble)
54
________-soluble vitamins aren't stored in the body, and thus we need to consume them every day.
water
55
Folate is associated with _____ _______ defects
neural tube (defects)
56
Deficiency of this vitamin is typically associated with neural tube defects
Folate
57
___ plays a key role during pregnancy in the synthesis of proteins needed for the normal development of fetal tissues.
Folate
58
Daily intake of ___ mcg/day of folic acid before and early during pregnancy reduces the chance of developing neural tube defects
400
59
Grain products have been fortified with folic acid since ____ - you're able to tell if fortified if there's _____ _____ on the label or in the ingredients.
1998
| folic acid
60
What are two fantastic sources of folate?
Edamame
| Lentils
61
_____ deficiency can cause "megaloblastic anemia"
Folate
62
what is another name for Vitamin A?
Retinol
63
Carotenoids are associated with Vitamin __
A
64
Adequate Vitamin A intake prevents some forms of ____.
blindness
65
Adequate Vitamin A intake reduces the severity of the ____ and other ____ diseases
measles
| infectious
66
Vitamin used to treat acne, wrinkles, and live (aging) spots.
vitamin A
67
Women who're pregnant or may become pregnant should not use vitamin-__ derived medications.
A
68
Good source of vitamin A
sweet potato
69
Hypovitaminosis A
vitamin A deficiency
70
Hypovitaminosis A
vitamin A deficiency
71
_____________, a deficiency of Vitamin A, results in night blindness, permanent blindness, impaired immunity, rough, scaly, or dry skin, or keratinization.
Hypovitaminosis A
72
Hypervitaminosis A
Vitamin A toxicity
73
Hypervitaminosis A
vitamin A toxicity
74
_____________ - or vitamin A toxicity - can cause osteoporosis and comes mostly from supplements.
Hypervitaminosis A
75
UL for Vitamin A for adults is _____ mcg RAE
3,000
76
Preg-o women should be cautious with their consumption of Vitamin A because it can cause ?
birth defects
77
Beta-carotene can turn your skin ?
yellow
78
"sunshine vitamin"
Vitamin D
79
Vitamin D is make in the ___ and is derived from ____ and _____ light.
skin
cholesterol
UV
80
Vitamin D - not enough exposure to the sun makes it essential to consume in your ____.
diet
81
Vitamin D is activated in the ___ and _____.
kidneys and liver
82
Vitamin D: "from _____ to _____ _____."
osteoporosis
| chronic inflammation
83
Vitamin D: Combats _____ _____.
chronic inflammation
84
Vitamin D: regulates ____ secretion and ____ _____ level.
insulin
| blood glucose
85
Vitamin D: Facilitates absorption and utilization of _____.
calcium
86
Vitamin D: Facilitates absorption and utilization of _____.
calcium
87
Function(s) of vitamin D: Acts as a ____.
hormone
88
Function(s) of vitamin D: Helps _____ growth and maintenance.
bone
89
Function(s) of vitamin D: regulates ____ and ____ synthesis.
calcium
| protein
90
Function(s) of vitamin D: Possibly regulates cardiovascular _____.
function
91
Name three great sources of Vitamin D (foods).
Cod liver oil
Rainbow trout
Salmon
92
Except for ____, few foods are naturally rich in Vitamin D.
fish
93
Most of the vitamin D in our diets come from
vitamin-D fortified foods
94
For those with darker skin, it takes more time for the sun to ____ _____.
penetrate skin
95
Recommended intake for Vitamin D for adults is ____ mcg or ___ IU/day.
15
| 600
96
Most people do not consume adequate vitamin D in their diets and the majority of their Vitamin D is from exposure of their skin to _____ sunlight.
direct
97
Vitamin C's Functions -
| acts as a ____ in biological reactions.
coenzyme
98
Vitamin C's Functions - aids in ____ production.
hormone
99
Vitamin C's Functions: involved in ____ synthesis.
collagen
100
Vitamin C's Functions: is an _____.
antioxidant
101
if just take supplements, we don't get all the other ____.
nutrients
102
Sources of vitamin C
Guavas, gold kiwi fruit, green peppers and chilli peppers
103
Scurvy =
vitamin C deficiency
104
vitamin C deficiency
scurvy
105
UL for vitamin C is ____ mg
2,000
106
Vitamin C toxicity may cause ____, ____, and increased risk of _____ stones
diarrhea
bloating
kidney
107
2 vitamins sensitive to heat (i.e., water-soluble) -
vitamin C & folate
108
vitamin C & folate have the highest rates of loss so keep them in the least amount of ____.
water
109
To get adequate vitamins without getting too much, CONSUME __ OR _____ SERVINGS OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES EACH DAY; also, eat ____ foods.
5 or more
| fortified
110
intake levels to prevent deficiency and other chronic diseases
Dietary reference intakes (DRIs)
