vitamins and alternative meds

Question 1

Vitamin A - use

Answer 1

deficiency; eyes (adaption to dim light), embryogenesis, spermatogenesis, immunity, growth, skin

Question 2

vitamin A - sources

Answer 2

meat, dairy, fish, carrots cantalouope, mangoes, spinach, tomatoes, pumpkin and sweet potatoes

Question 3

Vitamin A - signs of deficiency

Answer 3

night blindness, xerophthalmia, severe - blindness, skin lesions

Question 4

Vit A - toxicity

Answer 4

birth defects, liver injury, bone related disorders

Question 5

vit E - effects

Answer 5

• high doses may delay macular degeneration, but increase r/o hemorrhagic stroke and cancer

Question 6

vit K - use

Answer 6

correction of hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding from vit K deficiency or hemorrhage caused by warfarin

Question 7

vit k - toxicity

Answer 7

hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic anemia, jaundice, oral form not toxic in adults; iv - anaphylaxis shock, death

Question 8

Vit B1 _thiamine - deficiency

Answer 8

wet beriberi - fluid in legs with cardio complications (responds rapidly to tx)
dry beriberi - neurologic and motor deficits (responds slowly to tx)

Question 9

VIT B6 - pyrodoxine - toxicity and interactions

Answer 9

extremely high doses - neuro injury

interactions - levodopa

Question 10

Black Cohosh - uses

Answer 10

symptoms of menopause

Question 11

Black Cohosh - interactions

Answer 11

• increase effects of hypertensives, and insulin, and estrogen
• increased r/o liver damage when taken with other drugs that cause liver damage

Question 12

Black Cohosh - AE

Answer 12

• liver inflammation
• rash
• HA
• abd discomfort

Question 13

Butterbur - uses

Answer 13

migraines, allergies, asthma - studies show effectiveness for migraine and allergies (besides skin)

Question 14

Butterbur - AE

Answer 14

safe when taken < 4 mo, belching, HA, fatigue

Question 15

Butterbur - interactions

Answer 15

drugs that induce CYP3A4

Question 16

CoQ10 - uses

Answer 16

HF, muscle injury caused by statins- studies support effectiveness

Question 17

CoQ10 - AE

Answer 17

GI upset, no preg or BF

Question 18

CoQ10- interactions

Answer 18

structurally similar to vit K, antagonize effects of warfarin, statins inhibit

Question 19

Feverfew - uses

Answer 19

prophylaxis of migraines(mixed results)

Question 20

feverfew - Interactions

Answer 20

• don’t give in pregnancy

- increase r/o blding in pts taking warfarin, aspirin, or heparin

Question 21

Flaxseed - uses

Answer 21

constipation and decrease LDL

Question 22

Flaxseed - AE/interactions

Answer 22

GI upset, increase in triglycerides, decrease absorption of some drugs so take 1-2 hours after other drugs

Question 23

garlic- interactions

Answer 23

increase bleeding in pts taking blood thinners, reduce levels of cyclosporine and saquinavir

Question 24

ginkgo Biloba - interaction

Answer 24

antiplatelet drugs, drugs that lower seizure threshold

Question 25

soy - interactions

Answer 25

tamoxifen and other drugs that block estrogen receptors, abx decrease soy absorption, soy sauce should not be taken with MAoI

Question 26

St John’s Wort - interactions

Answer 26

Drugs metabolized by CYP3A4, digoxin, ca Channel blockers, steroid hormones, serotonin drugs