Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nutrition > Vitamins and Deficiencies > Flashcards

Vitamins and Deficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

All of the B’s (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate, cobalamin), C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vitamin A Deficiency

A

Night blindness (nycatlopia)
dry, skaly skin (xerosis cutis)
corneal degeneration (keratomlaacia)
immunosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vitamin A Excess

A

Acute toxicity = nausea, vomiting, vertigo, blurred vision
Chronic toxicity = alopecia, dry skin, hepatotoxicity, arthralgias, pseudotumor cerebri
Teratogenic, so negative pregnancy test is required for isotretinoin management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Vitamin B1 is also known as…

A

thiamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Thiamine deficiency
Impaired glucose breakdown leads to ATP depletion

  1. Wesicke-Korsakoff syndrome: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia; confabulation, personality changes, memory loss (permanent) - damage of medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus, mammillary bodies
  2. Dry beriberi: polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting
  3. Wet beriberi: high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy), edema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vitamin B2 is also known as…

A

riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Vitamin B2 deficiency

A

Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures at corner of mouth)
Corneal vascularization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vitamin B3 is also known as…

A

niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Vitamin B3 deficiency

A

Glossitis
Severe deficiency can lead to pellagra, particularly in setting of Hartnup disease (decreased tryptophan absorption), malignant carcinoid syndrome (increased tryptophan metabolism), or isoniazid (decreased vit B6)
Symtpoms of pellagra: diarrhea, dementia (and hallucinations), dermatitis (particularly in C3/C4 dermatome) with hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vitamin B3 Excess

A

facial flushing - incudec by prostaglandin
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vitamin B5 Deficiency

A

Dermatitis, enteritis, alopecia, adrenal insufficency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vitamin B5 is also known as

A

panthothenic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vitamin B6 is also known as

A

pyridoxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vitamin B6 Deficiency

A

Convulsions, hyperirritability, peripheral nueropathy, sideroblastic anemias due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis and iron excess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Vitamin B7 Deficiency

A

Rare. Dermatitis, alopecia, enteritis. Typically caused by antibiotic use or excessive ingestion of raw egg whites.

17
Q

Vitamin B7 is also known as

A

biotin

18
Q

Vitamin B9 is also known as

A

folate

19
Q

Vitamin B9 Deficiency

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
hypersegmented PMNs
glossitis
no neurologic symptoms (in contrast to B12 def)
Labs will show increased homocysteine, normal methylmalonic acid levels

20
Q

Vitamin B12 is also known as

A

cobalamin

21
Q

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

A

macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
hypersegmented PMNs
parasthesias and subacute combined degeneration due to abnormal myelin - may lead to irreversible nerve ddamage
Labs will show increased homocysteine, increased methylmalonic acid levels

22
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy: swollen gums, bruising, petechiae, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing, perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages, “corkscrew” hair
Weakened immune system
collagen synthesis defect

23
Q

What are the different kinds of Vitamin D?

A

D2 = ergocalciferol - ingested from plants
D3 = cholecalciferol - consumed in milk, formed in sun-exposed skin
25-OH D3 = storage form
1,25 (OH)2D3 = calcitriol - active form

24
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets in children (bone pain and deformity)
Osteomalacia in adults (bone pain and muscle weakness)
Hypocalcemic tetany

25
Q

Vitamin D excess

A 
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalciuria
Loss of appetite
Stupor
- Can see excess vit d in granulomatous disease
26
Q

Vitamin E Deficiency

A

hemolytic anemia
acathocytosis
muscle weakness
posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination
- May appear similar to b12 def, but does not have megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMNs, or increased serum methylmalonic acid levels

27
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Neonatal hemorrhage with increased PT and aPTT but normal bleeding time
Can also occur after prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics

28
Q

Zinc deficiency

A 
Delayed wound healing
hypogonadism
decreased adult hair (axillary, facial, pubic)
dysgeusia
anosmia
acrodermatitis enteropathica
May predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
29
Q

What is Kwashikor malnutrition?

A

Protein malnutrition resulting in skin lesions, edema due to decreased plasma oncotic pressure, liver malfunction; clinical picture is small child with swollen abdomen
“Kwashikor results from a protein-deficient MEAL: malnutrition, edema, anemia, liver (fatty)”

30
Q

What is marasmus malnutrition?

A

Total calorie malnutrition resulting in tissue and muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat, and variable edema

Nutrition (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions