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Biochemistry Block 3 > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Functions of calcium

A

Essential
• Coagulation
• Muscle and nerve function
• Energy metabolism

Structural
• Hydroxyapetite
• Role in bone remodling

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2
Q

Deficiency of Calcium

A

• Osteopenia (bone density dec)
• Osteoporosis (bone mass dec)
Also see kyphosis

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3
Q

Functions of Phosphorous

A 
• Part of buffer system
• Part of DNA and RNA
• Energy metabolism
• Transport lipids in blood
Component of membranes
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4
Q

Deficiency of Phosphorous

A

Rare

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5
Q

Overdose of Phosphorous

A

• Hyperphosphatemia
• Calcification of non skeletal tissue
Seen with kidney problems and seen a lot with kids replacing milk with soda

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6
Q

Functions of Sodium

A

• BP regulation
• Fuid balance
Nerve impulse and muscle contraction

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7
Q

Overdose of sodium

A

Hypertension and heart disease

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8
Q

Deficiency of sodium

A

seizures and coma below 125mm or less

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9
Q

Where do you get iron and in what form? which is readily absorbed

A

Meat-in form of heme (readily absorbed)

Plants- non heme (not readily)

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10
Q

What increases and decreases iron absorption

A

Inc: Vitamin C; meat factor
Dec: phyates; polyphenos

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11
Q

Functions of Iron

A 
O2 caryying moleules
Hemoglobin myoglobin
DNA synth
immunity
cognnitive development
temp regulation
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12
Q

IN what state is iron absorbed

A

Fe2 ferrous

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13
Q

what oxdized iron

A

Fe3+ ferric state by ceruloplasmin

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14
Q

What carries iron

A

apotransferrin (called transferin together)

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15
Q

What stores iron

A

apoferritin (ferritin together)

Hemosiderin in excess

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16
Q

Who is at high risk for iron deficiency

A

growth

infants
pregnant women
puberty

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17
Q

Iron deficiency

A

microcytic hypochromic rbc
glossitis
koilonchyia
fatigue

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18
Q

Iron overload

A

hemochromatosis

iron accumulation in tissue

more in men

liver fibrosis an cirrhosis carcinoma

dec pancreatic function diabetes

Sking bronzing

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19
Q

How diagnose hemochromotosis

A

serum ferritin levels

treat monlthy phlebotomy

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20
Q

Iodine roles

A

part of thyroid hormones

reg body temp,
 metabolic rate,
repro
growth
rbc production
nerve and muscle function
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21
Q

Iodine overdose

A

goiter

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22
Q

Iodine deficiency

23
Q

Zinc roles

Study These Flashcards
A

Gene expression (zinc finger)
immune function
cell growth
cofactor

24
Q

Zinc deficiency

Study These Flashcards
A

skin irritations
diarrhea
delayed growth and sex mat
can have as a result of liver or kidney disease

Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Dec zinc absorp

25
Zinc toxcitiy
from supplementation nausea vomiting pain cramps diarrhea
26
Thiamine B1 role
Metabolism as TPP
27
Deficincy B1 thiamine
beriberi wet: dilated cardiomyopathy edema dry: polyneuritis, muscle wasting Wernike korsakoff synd confusion. opthalmoplegia ataxia, psych changes
28
Overdose of B1 thiamne
Headache, irreg heart beat, low BP
29
Roles of Niacin (B3)
Role as NAD and NADP redox reactions in atp prod synth of fatty acids cholest, steroids, dna metabolism of vit c and folate
30
Deficiency of Niacin
Pellagra Derm dementia diarrhea HARTNUP CAN MIMIC DEICIENCY
31
overdose of niacin
flushed skin rashes liver damage from supp
32
Role B6 pyridoxal
Coenzyme PLP synth nonessen aa prod of non protein substances
33
Deficiency of B6
Microcytic hypochromic anemia | confusion and neuro symptomes
34
Toxicity of B6
from supps | nerve damage
35
Folate B9 role
Single carbon transfers Formation of DNA and RNA AA metabolism
36
Deficiency of Folate B9
Pregnancy neural tube defectss | megaloblastic macrocytic anemia
37
B12 cobalmin role
Atp production | aa metabolism
38
Deficiency b12
primary rare except in vegans and vegita secondary caused by loss of intrinsic factor bariatric surgery acid reducing drugs causes megaloblastic macroxytic anemia and nerve damage LOSS OF INTRINSIC FACTOR CALLED IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA NERVE DAMAGE DIFFERENTIATES FOLATE AND B12
39
Vitamin C role
antioxidant humans cant synth Cofactor in collagen form Cofactor in others
40
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy | rare but in alcoholics
41
Types of Vitamin A
Retinol Retinoic acid and retinal CAN ACT AS STEROID HORMONES
42
Major roles of Vitamin A
Vision protein synth repro/growth reg of gene expression
43
What is the roll of caretenoids
can be covnerted to vitamin A (beta carotene) can be nonprovitamen (lycopene zeaxanthin lutein) which have antiox effect
44
What is deficiency of Vit A
night blindness xerophtalmia hyperkeratosis imaired immunity secondary from alcoholism and cystic fibrosis
45
Toxicity of Vitamin A
Hypervitaminosis A Birth defects Blured vision liver issues and red bone stength
46
Toxicity of cartenoids
lung cancer and hypercarotenodermia
47
Vitamin D Role
``` Non essential Blood pressure reg muscle contraction nerve function cell differentiation ```
48
Deficiency vit D
Rickets (children) | Osteomalacia and osteoporosis (adults)
49
Where is Vit d made
Calcidiol in liver calcitriol in kidney
50
What is the vitamin e active in body
alpha tocopherol | rich in oils nuts and eggs
51
Role of vitaminE
antioxidant IF ISOPROSTANE LEVELS ARE HIGH MEASURE VITAMIN E heart disease and protection of LDLS/ cell membranes
52
VItamin K role
Blood clottin | metabolims of bone proteins
53
Deficiency of Vitamin K
hemorage osteoporosis rare but in neonates
54
How does warfarin interfere with vitamin K
Warfarin blocks the reduction of vitmin k (recycling of it)

Biochemistry Block 3 (7 decks)

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