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BIOL131 > VITAMINS AND STEROIDS > Flashcards

VITAMINS AND STEROIDS Flashcards

1
Q

examples of fat soluble vitamins?

A

vit A, vit D, vit E, vit K

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2
Q

examples of water soluble vitamins?

A
  • B complex vitamins, vitamin C
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3
Q

what are provitamins?

A
  • precursors to vitamins
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4
Q

what are vitamers?

A
  • vitamin isomers
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5
Q

are all vitamers isoprenoids in vit A?

A

yes

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6
Q

examples of vitamers in vit A?

A

retinoic acid, retinaldehyde (retinal), retinol, retinyl esters

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7
Q

examples of provitamins in vitamin A?

A

β-carotene, α-carotene, γ-carotene

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8
Q

what is retinaldehyde?

A
  • used iin the eye to form rhodopsin
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9
Q

what is retinyl palmitate?

A
  • ester of palmitic acid and retinol
  • main form of diet - converted to retinol in SI.
  • retinol = storage form
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10
Q

what is retonoic acid?

A
  • synthesised from retinol in male gonads
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11
Q

what is xeropthalmia

A
  • thickening of surface layers of the eye
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12
Q

what is keratomalacia

A

inability to synthesise specialist tissues of eye surface

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13
Q

what is nyctalopia?

A
  • lack of retinaldehyde
  • night blindness
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14
Q

what is photophobia?

A
  • aversion to bright light due to lack of light absorbing rhodopsin in retina
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15
Q

what issues does hypovitaminosis A cause?

A
  • xerophthalmia
  • keratomalcia
  • nyctalopia
  • photophobia
  • weight loss
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16
Q

vitamers of vitamin d?

A
  • ergocalciferol (D2), cholecalciferol (D3),
    22-dihydroergocalciferol (D4), sitocalciferol (D5).
17
Q

symptoms of hypovitaminosis D?

A
  • rickets
  • osteoporosis
  • clinical depression
    schizophrenia
  • muscular pain
  • muscle twitching
18
Q

properties of vitamin E?

A
  • eight vitamers = 4 are tocopherols, 4 are
    tocotrienols.
  • potent antioxidants = heads can donate electrons and hydrogens to oxidising agents. PROTECTS CELL MEMBRANE
19
Q

symptoms of hypovitaminosis E?

A

neurological damage

20
Q

vitamers of vitamin K?

A
  • phylloquinone (K 1) and menaquinone (K 2)
21
Q

symptoms of hypovitaminosis of vitamin K?

A
  • issues with blood clotting
22
Q

vitamers of vitamin c?

A

L - ascorbic acid
- dehydroascorbic acid

23
Q

why is vit c known as a potent antioxidant?

A
24
Q

what are steroids?

A
  • organic compounds with 4 joint rings arranged in specific way
25
Q

what are sterones?

A
  • steroid hormones
26
Q

what are sterols?

A

steroid alcohols

27
Q
A
28
Q

why is cholesterol important?

A
  • stabilises cell membranes by retaining fluidity when temp falls.
29
Q

examples of sex hormones?

A
  • testosterone, progesterone, estrogens
30
Q
A

BIOL131 (11 decks)

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