Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dems Unit 2 Part 2 YAAAY > Vitamins part 2 Water soluble > Flashcards

Vitamins part 2 Water soluble Flashcards

1
Q

thiamine B1 function

A
  • coenzyme for glycolysis, TCA, AA metabolism
  • decarboxylation and transketolation reactions
  • may alter membrane conductions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thiamin B1 sources

A

whole grains
enriched grains
lean pork
legumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

thiamin B1 test

A

erythrocyte transketolase activity

thiamine blood levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

thiamin Deficiency/ toxicity

A

Beriberi syndrome:

  • Dry/ nervous
  • Wet/ Cardiac

Wernicke-Korsakoff:
Ocular + Ataxia + Confusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of nervous function is most effected in wernicke-korsakoff?

A

retentive memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

riboflavin B2 function

A
  • part of 2 coenzymes: FAD and FMN
  • oxidation/ reduction reactions in TCA and oxidative phosphorylation
  • AA and fatty acid metabolism
  • metabolism of vitamin K, folate, b6, niacin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

riboflavin b2 is involved in the metabolism of what other vitamins?

A

vitamin k
folate
pyridoxine b6
niacin b3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

riboflavin b2 source

A

liver, wheat germ
dairy
meats, poultry
leafy greens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

riboflavin B2 test

A

erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGRAC): increased in deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

riboflavin b2 deficiency

A

oral-ocular-genital system:

  • cheilosis: cracked lips
  • stomatitis: sores at corner of moth
  • increased vascularization of conjunctiva
  • scrotal dermatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

niacin B3 function

A
  • substituent of electron carrying NAD and NADP

- glycolysis, TCA, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

niacin B3 sources

A

Preformed:

  • meat, poultry, fish
  • penut butter
  • legumes

Precursor: Tryptophan
-milk, eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

niacin B3 test

A

serum niacin

urinary excretion of n1 methyl nicotinamide and 2-pyridone
*ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

niacin B3 deficiency

A 
Pellagra: 4 Ds
Dermatitis: symmetric pattern
Dementia
Diarrhea
Death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Niacin B3 toxicity

A
  • nontoxic in doses 3-6 grams / day nicotinic acid
  • lower serum LDL
  • peripheral vasodilation/ flushing

Less common:

  • increased serum uric acid
  • glucose intolerance
  • liver damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

folate function

A
  • 1 carbon transfers
  • homocysteine –> methionine
  • methy donor/ epigenetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

folate source

A

foliage- deep green leaves
broccoli
orange juice
whole grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

folate test

A

Folate RBC: Chronic Status

Serum Folate: Recent Intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Folate deficiency

A
  • macrocytic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophils
  • increased plasma homocysteine
  • neural tube defects
  • MTHFR gene indicates increased requirement
20
Q

pyridoxine b6 function

A

aa metabolism/ intercomversion

21
Q

pyridoxine b6 source

A

animal products
vegetables
whole grains

22
Q

pyridoxine b6 test

A
  • pyridoxal phosphate

- homocysteine

23
Q

pyridoxine b6 deficiency

A

anemia
seizures
glositis

24
Q

pyridoxine b6 toxicity

A

+/- depression

  • doses >500mg associated with sensory ataxia, impaired position/ vibration sense
  • symptoms partially reversed with dc of supplement
25
Q

cobalamin b12 function

A
  • 1 carbon transfers
  • metabolism of odd chain fatty acids
  • binds to IF that is secreted by gastric parietal cells
26
Q

cobalamin b12 absorption

A 
Gastric Parietal:
bound to IF
-->
Distal ilium:
cobalamin-IF complex
-->
Portal Circulation:
bound 2 transcobalamin II
27
Q

cobalamin b12 source

A
  • ONLY IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS

- liver stores 1-10mg: can take years to develop deficiency unless damage to stomach, ileum, pancreas

28
Q

cobalamin b12 test

A

serum b12 level

urine or blood methylmelonic acid: increased in b12 deficit

serum homocysteine: increased in b12 deficit

CBC: increased MCV: non specific

29
Q

cobalamin b12 deficiency

A
  • macrocytic anemia with hyper-segmented neutrophils

- neurologic disturbances: paresthesias, gain problems, depressions

30
Q

cobalamin b12 corrections

A

-hemolytic effects reversible but neuro effects irreversible with long standing deficiencies

31
Q

vitamin c function

A
  • antioxidant/ reducing agent: electron donor
  • collagen synthesis
  • Reduce Fe3+ –> Fe2+
  • norepinephrine synthesis
32
Q

vitamin c source

A 
fruits/ vegetables
broccoli
green pepper
citrus
potatoes
33
Q

vitamin c tests

A

leukocyte

plasma ascorbic acid level

34
Q

vitamin c deficiency

A
  • scurvy
  • loss of precursors of catecholamines and vasoactive/ neurotropic substances
  • Symptoms: petechiae, bleeding gums, anemia, brusing, painful joints
35
Q

what is the safe upper limit of vitamin c

A

2g/day

36
Q

alcoholics are the highest risk group for what vitamin deficiency?

A

thiamine b1

also at risk:

  • re-feeding: body stores insufficient to handle increased demand
  • bariatric surgery
37
Q

what vitamin deficiency historically occurred in areas where corn was the major source of protein and calories in the diet?

A

niacin b3

38
Q

metabolic shunting carcinoid tumors increases risk for what vitamin deficiency?

A

niacin B3

-excessive serotonin shunts tryptophan away from usual metabolic pathway

39
Q

isoniazid for TB puts patients at risk for what vitamin deficiency?

A

niacin B3

also pyridoxine b6

40
Q

what vitamin deficiency is especially concerning in pregnant women?

A

folate

41
Q

what vitamin deficiency are infants/ children fed unsupplemented goat’s milk at risk of developing?

A

folate

42
Q

dilantin, sulfasalazine increase risk of deficiency of what vitamin?

A

folate

43
Q

pernicious anemia (IF not produced or secreted), resection of stomach/ ileum, and gastric atrophy increase risk of what deficiency?

A

cobalamin b12

44
Q

strict vegetarian diet w/o supplementation increases risk for what deficiency?

A

cobalamin b12

45
Q

increased requirements for wound healing/ burns increase risk of what vitamin deficiency?

A

vitamin C

46
Q

tryptophan is a precursor to what vitamin?

A

niacin b3

Dems Unit 2 Part 2 YAAAY (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions