Viti

Question 1

At what temperature do vines emerge from dormancy in the spring?

Answer 1

50F

Question 2

What is budbreak?

Answer 2

The first stage of the annual lifecycle in the spring, when shoots and leaves emerge from the buds left after pruning.

Question 3

What is the biggest climatic concern from budbreak to fruit set?

Answer 3

Frost.

Question 4

What is flowering, and when does it occur?

Answer 4

The blooming of the embryo bunches into flowers, occurring 6-13 weeks after budbreak.

Question 5

How does Fruit Set occur?

Answer 5

The grapevine self-pollinates, and each fertilized bloom becomes a grape.

Question 6

What is “shatter?”

Answer 6

Fruit set usually only occurs successfully at about 30%; the remaining embryo berries “shatter,” falling from the cluster.

Question 7

What is veraison?

Answer 7

The transfer of the vine’s energy from vegetative growth to reproduction; indicated by the change in color on the grapes. This is also when sugars move from the leaves into the grapes.

Question 8

What is the French term for harvest?

Answer 8

Vendange

Question 9

What is the ideal annual temperature for viticulture?

Answer 9

50-68F, with 57F being the sweet spot

Question 10

What is the average summer temperature required to ripen red grapes?

Answer 10

70F

Question 11

What is the average summer temperature required to ripen white grapes?

Answer 11

66F

Question 12

Viticulture generally exists between which latitudinal parallels?

Answer 12

30-50

Question 13

What is the California Heat Summation Index?

Answer 13

A scale dividing climates into 5 regions based on the number of Degree Days.

Question 14

What is the equation for Degree Days?

Answer 14

days in the month x mean # of degrees over 50F for that month. Month totals are added together to arrive at the summation.

Question 15

What dates define the growing season?

Answer 15

April 1st to October 31st.

Question 16

How many Degree Days in Region 1?

Answer 16

Less than 2500

Question 17

How many Degree Days in Region V?

Answer 17

More than 4000

Question 18

High soil pH results in what?

Answer 18

High grape acidity (low pH)

Question 19

High soil acidity (low pH) can be counteracted by what?

Answer 19

Lime

Question 20

What is selection massale?

Answer 20

Replanting from a number of vines throughout the vineyard, which allows the grower to select the best vines to propagate, but retains some genetic diversity in the vineyard.

Question 21

What is clonal selection?

Answer 21

Replanting with one specific clone

Question 22

What is the minimum amount of sunshine required to support viticulture?

Answer 22

1200 hours annually

Question 23

Heat affects:

Answer 23

Sugar, acid, tannin

Question 24

Light affects:

Answer 24

Phenolic development

Question 25

What are the two main types of vine training?

Answer 25

Head-training Cordon-training

Question 26

What kind of pruning may be used with head-trained vines?

Answer 26

Spur OR Cane Pruning

Question 27

What kind of pruning may be used with cordon-trained vines?

Answer 27

Spur pruning ONLY

Question 28

What is albarello?

Answer 28

Italian for en gobelet

Question 29

What is en vaso?

Answer 29

Spanish for en gobelet

Question 30

No. 500

Answer 30

Cow Manure Placed in a cow horn and buried underground for the winter; in the spring the horn is dug up, the manure mixed with water and sprayed on the vines. Stimulates growth.

Question 31

No. 501

Answer 31

Horn-Silica Ground silica is mixed with rainwater and packed in a cowhorn, buried in the spring and dug up in autumn, then sprayed on crops. Stimulates growth.

Question 32

What is Coulure

Answer 32

French term for Shatter

Question 33

Other Terms for Pergola (italian and spanish)

Answer 33

Tendone (italian) Latada (spainish)

Question 34

Huglin Index

Answer 34

Like Winkler (degree growing days) plus taking Latitude into consideration (more common in EUROPE)

Question 35

How much water is needed to manage a vine?

Answer 35

10-30 inches during the growing season

Question 36

Examples of Cool Air Currents

Answer 36

Humbolt (Chile) Bengula (South Africa)

Question 37

Example of Warm Air Current

Answer 37

Gulf Stream (Europe)

Question 38

Common Rootstock Species

Answer 38

Vitis Riparia Vitis Rupestris Vitis Berlandieri

Question 39

What is the difference between Crossing and Hybrids

Answer 39

Crossing (same species) Hybrids (2 seperate species)

Question 40

What is Teinturier, Can you give an example

Answer 40

Red Grape with Red Flesh eg. Alicante Bouchet

Question 41

What is the difference between Cane and Cordon

Answer 41

Cane- lignified shoot from previous year Cordon- horizontal extention of the trunk

Question 42

Inflorescences

Answer 42

flower clusters that resemble immature grape clusters (unfertalized)

Question 43

Rachis

Answer 43

Stem of Cluster

Question 44

Bloom

Answer 44

Coating on grape that protects from disease

Question 45

Ampelography

Answer 45

study of identifing grapes based on morphology

Question 46

Petiole

Answer 46

Leaf Stem

Question 47

Ravaz Index

Answer 47

Ration of fruit weight : Prune Weight (ideal is 4:10)

Question 48

Scion

Answer 48

portion of grape above the ground that is attached to the rootstock

Question 49

What is "Provignage"

Answer 49

Shoot from the neighboring vine is buried then roots becoming its own vine (impossible in Phylloxera Soils)

Question 50

Famous vineyard that uses provignage

Answer 50

Bollinger Clos Chaudes Terre + Clos Saint Jacques (Vieilles Vignes Francais)