Viticulture

Question 1

What are the “Factors of Production”

Answer 1

Location/Geography
Climate
Topography/Aspect
Soil
Grape varieties planted
Viticultural practices
Vinification practices
Harvest
Yearly weather/vintage variation
Terrior
Regional Wine Laws
Historical Background

Question 2

What is Viticulture?

Answer 2

Viticulture is the art - and science - of vine growing.

Question 3

What is the most important thing climate determines in viticulture?

Answer 3

Wine style

Question 4

Most vine growing occurs between which latitudes?

Answer 4

30 degrees - 50 degrees

Question 5

Climate of an entire wine region

Answer 5

Macroclimate

Question 6

Climate of a particular vineyard

Answer 6

Mesoclimate

Question 7

Climate of a single row of vines

Answer 7

Microclimate

Question 8

Cool climate characterized by strong annual variation in temperature due to the lack of proximity to significant bodies of water.

Answer 8

Continental

Question 9

Moderate climate influenced by a large body of water

Answer 9

Maritime

Question 10

Warm climate with hot dry summers aside from the immediate coastal areas.

Answer 10

Mediterranean

Question 11

Hot climate with high daytime temperatures and dramatic drops overnight

Answer 11

High Desert

Question 12

The difference between average daytime high and nighttime low temperatures

Answer 12

Diurnal Shifts

Question 13

Sunshine hours

Answer 13

The number of sunshine hours a region or winery receives in a given year or growing season

Question 14

Frost, freeze, hail and strong winds are examples of

Answer 14

Climate threats

Question 15

Climate moderators

Answer 15

Bodies of Water
Mountains
Altitude/Elevation
Wind

Question 16

What is “Rain Shadow”?

Answer 16

A dry area on one side of a mountain opposite the wind, rain and poor weather.

Question 17

How much rise in elevation will cause a temperature drop of 1 degree?

Answer 17

100 meters

Question 18

This climate moderator can either cool or warm a growing area.

Answer 18

Wind

Question 19

Benefits to steep hillside topography

Answer 19

Better drainage of soil and lower chance of frost

Question 20

Drawbacks of steep hillside topography

Answer 20

Soil is less fertile due to erosion & vines are more difficult to harvest and maintain

Question 21

Valley floors have fertile soils but are susceptible to this climate threat

Answer 21

Frost

Question 22

What is the aspect of a slope?

Answer 22

The direction it faces with regards to the sun

Question 23

Important properties of soil

Answer 23

Drainage
Water retention
Sun reflection

Question 24

Types of soil

Answer 24

Granite
Limestone/chalk
Marl
Schist
Clay
Sand
Silt
Gravel

Question 25

Grape skins contribute what to wine?

Answer 25

Tannins, color and flavor

Question 26

Pulp contributes what to wine?

Answer 26

Water, sugar, acids and seeds

Question 27

Genus of wine grapes

Answer 27

Vitis

Question 28

Most common species of wine grape with over 10,000 varieties.

Answer 28

Vitis vinifera

Question 29

Viticultural propogation is

Answer 29

Grape vine breeding

Question 30

Vines of two or more different species combined to create a new variety

Answer 30

Hybrid

Question 31

Vines of the same species combined to create a new variety

Answer 31

Cross

Question 32

Identical genetic reproductions of a single vine

Answer 32

Clone

Question 33

Cool climate impact on wine

Answer 33

``` Grapes ripen more slowly and moderately Less sugar produced Acidity remains high Less alcohol potential Flavors are more tart and lean ```

Question 34

Warm climate impact on wine

Answer 34

``` Grapes ripen fully More sugar is produced Acidity is lower Higher alcohol potential Flavors are more ripe, lush and juicy ```

Question 35

How vines in the vineyard are laid out

Answer 35

Vineyard architecture

Question 36

How are vines managed to control production of grapes, leaves and wood?

Answer 36

Vine training

Question 37

How is yield measured per acre?

Answer 37

Tons of grapes

Question 38

How is yield measured per hectare?

Answer 38

Hectoliters

Question 39

How is yield measured per vine?

Answer 39

Pounds or kilos

Question 40

What is a green harvest?

Answer 40

A crop thinning method of dropping or cutting unripe clusters off the vine before harvest.

Question 41

What is the benefit of a green harvest?

Answer 41

The vine can focus it's energy and nutrients into fewer, higher quality clusters.

Question 42

Managing the growth of vines to allow optimal sunlight and airflow

Answer 42

Canopy management

Question 43

Providing the vine with water

Answer 43

Irrigation

Question 44

What is Phylloxera?

Answer 44

This is a vine louse that destroyed a third of the world's vines beginning in the late 1800s. It was one of the greatest threats to wine production in history.

Question 45

Chemicals or organic matter added to the soil to improve the nutrition it provides to the vines.

Answer 45

Fertilizer

Question 46

What is harvest?

Answer 46

When and how grapes are picked from the vines.

Question 47

Ways to determine grape maturity

Answer 47

Sugar ripeness Physiological Ripeness Tannin Ripeness

Question 48

Name three positive effects of wind in a vineyard.

Answer 48

Cooling, Warming, Drying

Question 49

Name three wine regions of the world that are affected by rain shadows.

Answer 49

Alsace Columbia Valley Piedmont Yakima Valley

Question 50

What is terroir?

Answer 50

Terroir is the entire set of factors that influence the development of the vine's fruit and the characteristics the fruit will show once vinified.