Viticulture And Vindication

Question 1

Élevage refers to which stage of wine production?

Answer 1

Maturation

Question 2

Which winemaking technique involves holding the grape must at low temperatures for several days prior to fermentation?

Answer 2

Cold soak

Question 3

During fermentation, low levels of nitrogen may cause yeast to produce elevated levels of which of the following:
1. Sulfur dioxide
2. Lactic acid
3.Hydrogen sulfide
4. Carbon dioxide

Answer 3

3. Hydrogen sulfide- caused by yeast braking down sulfates In to sulfur compounds resulting in rotten egg-like aromas as a fault.

Question 4

What winemaking process is seen in the picture?

Answer 4

Batonnage

Question 5

Which compound is produced by Brettanomyces and contributes medicinal and barnyard aromas?

Answer 5

Ethylphenol

Question 6

What method is used to adjust alcohol after fermentation?

Answer 6

Reverse osmosis

Question 7

What is the French term of pumping over cap management technique?

Answer 7

Remontage

Question 8

What compound is a byproduct of MLF fermentation and lends a buttery aroma to the wines?

Answer 8

Diacetyl

Question 9

What is Fanleaf Degeneration?

Answer 9

A virus caused by nematodes which feeds on the roots of the vines and causes leafs to turn yellow, reduction in canopy and eventually over.time can cause the vine to die.

Question 10

What is Soutirage?

Answer 10

It is the French term for racking. The action of transferring the fermented wine from one vessel to another to separate it from its sediments.

Question 11

Why should the best vines have deep roots?

Answer 11

To enable them to stand against harsh weather conditions like frost and drought

Question 12

What are the requirements for fermentation to take place?

Answer 12

Sugar, yeast, warmth

Question 13

What does fermentation produce besides alcohol

Answer 13

CO2 and sediments

Question 14

Why is sulphur dioxide gas often used at an early stage in the fermentation process?

Answer 14

To prevent growth of wild yeast

Question 15

The presence of a purple rim to a red wine means the wine is

Answer 15

1-3 years old

Question 16

What are the differences between hybrid and crossed vine?

Answer 16

1. Hybrids- are result of crossing two DIFFRENT vine species: V.F with American grape species like cities Lambrusca and Vitis riparia
2. Crossed- crossing of two different grape varieties from the same species (V.F)- Pinotage

Question 17

What is the difference between grey rot to noble rot?

Answer 17

It is the same fungal disease only that grey rot is developed with lack of vaporising conditions to dry the botrytis cinerea to become the desirable noble rot.

Question 18

What is the Leafeoll virus?

Answer 18

It is a grapevine virus and spread by mealybugs or trough infected plant material. It causes redning and yellowing of leaves as it weakens and shuta down the vine.
There is no cure.

Question 19

What are downy and powdery mildew and what’s the difference between them?

Answer 19

They are both a fungal disease
Downy- thieves in Cool conditions and develops fuzzy gray or purple costing , yellowing and curling of leaves and eventually reduces qualities yields.
Powdery- thrives in warm conditions and develops a white or grey coating one leaves, shoots and fruit. The leaves may become deformed and fruit maybe discolored

Question 20

What is Eurypa dieback?

Answer 20

‘dead arm’ a fungal disease effecting woody parts of grapevine and eventually killing it.