Vitreo retinal conditions Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is an Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)?
A fibrocellular membrane on the inner retinal surface causing visual distortion and blurred vision. Diagnosed through OCT, which shows a hyperreflective layer on the retinal surface.
What is the treatment for asymptomatic Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)?
Observation. If symptomatic, treatment may include vitrectomy with ERM and possibly ILM peel.
What are the risks associated with ERM surgery?
Endophthalmitis, retinal tear/detachment, hemorrhage, cataract.
What is Vitreomacular Traction (VMT)?
Incomplete posterior vitreous detachment causing macular distortion and blurred vision.
How is Vitreomacular Traction (VMT) managed?
Most cases resolve spontaneously. Severe cases may require vitrectomy or pharmacologic vitreolysis (e.g., Ocriplasmin).
What are key trials related to Vitreomacular Traction (VMT)?
TG-MV-006 & 007, OASIS trials.
What is a Full-Thickness Macular Hole (FTMH)?
A central vision loss caused by an idiopathic, VMT, high myopia, or CMO.
What is the treatment for Full-Thickness Macular Hole (FTMH)?
Vitrectomy with ILM peel and gas tamponade, followed by face-down posture post-op.
What is the prognosis for Full-Thickness Macular Hole (FTMH)?
~90% anatomical closure, with poorer outcomes if present for more than 1 year.
What is a Lamellar Macular Hole (LMH)?
A partial-thickness macular defect, where the inner layers are affected but the outer layers are intact.
How is a Lamellar Macular Hole (LMH) treated?
Surgery if tractional (e.g., ERM), otherwise monitored, with poor surgical outcomes for degenerative cases.
What is a Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD)?
Caused by retinal breaks, leading to fluid accumulation beneath the retina. Requires emergency referral.
What are the treatment options for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD)?
Pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckle, or vitrectomy.
What is Tractional Retinal Detachment (TRD)?
Caused by fibrovascular proliferation pulling on the retina, often in proliferative diabetic/sickle cell retinopathy, or RVO.
How is Tractional Retinal Detachment (TRD) treated?
Anti-VEGF for neovascular regression, vitrectomy with membrane peel, and laser treatment.
What is Exudative Retinal Detachment (RD)?
Caused by subretinal fluid from inflammation, vascular causes, or tumors like Coats disease and posterior scleritis.
What is the treatment for Exudative Retinal Detachment (RD)?
Treatment of the underlying cause.
What are Peripheral Retinal Degenerations?
Conditions like retinoschisis, lattice degeneration, and snail track degeneration, which increase the risk of retinal detachment.
How are Peripheral Retinal Degenerations managed?
No prophylactic treatment unless retinal breaks are suspected. Patients should be educated on RD warning signs.
What is the typical appearance of an Epiretinal Membrane (ERM) on OCT?
A hyperreflective membrane on the retinal surface.
