Viva Flashcards
(34 cards)
What types of cases have you seen during your clinical internship?
- Alcohol-Induced Severe Depression.
- Paranoid Schizophrenia with Religious Delusions.
- Acute Transient Psychotic Disorder
- Paranoid Schizophrenia with Social Isolation
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Cultural Guilt
- Manic Episode with Grandiosity
7.Polysubstance Use and Emotional Withdrawal
8.Manic Agitation and Conduct Concerns
9.Dissociative Disorder with Trauma History - Early-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
What is depression?
Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by: -persistent low mood
-loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- impaired daily functioning. -sadness
-fatigue
-changes in sleep or appetite -feelings of worthlessness -suicidal thoughts
lasting at least two weeks (DSM-5).
Example: Anshuman (Case 1) exhibited low mood, suicidal ideation, and reduced sleep/appetite.
What are the causes of depression?
- Biological:
-Genetic predisposition, -neurotransmitter imbalances (e.g., serotonin, dopamine). - Psychological:
-Negative thought patterns
-low self-esteem
- perfectionism
(e.g., Anshuman’s perfectionistic traits). - Environmental:
-Stressful life events (e.g., breakup, academic burnout in Case 1), trauma, or substance use (e.g., alcohol in Case 1). - Social:
- Isolation
-lack of support,
-family conflict (e.g., strained family ties in Case 1). - Cultural:
- Societal expectations or stigma around mental health.
What are the types of depression?
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Severe, persistent symptoms (e.g., Case 1: Severe Depressive Episode).
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Chronic, milder depression lasting ≥2 years.
- Bipolar Depression: Depressive episodes within Bipolar Disorder.
- Substance-Induced Depression: Triggered by substance use (e.g., alcohol in Case 1).
- Postpartum Depression: Depression post-childbirth.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Depression tied to seasonal changes.
- Psychotic Depression: Depression with psychotic features like delusions.
What are mood disorders?
Mood disorders are mental health conditions characterized by significant disturbances in emotional state, affecting daily functioning.
- Major Depressive Disorder: Persistent low mood, hopelessness (e.g., Case 1)
2.Bipolar Disorder: Alternating manic and depressive episodes (e.g., Cases 6 and 8)
3.Dysthymia: Chronic, milder depression
4.Cyclothymic Disorder: Milder mood swings than bipolar.
- Substance-Induced Mood Disorder: Mood changes due to substances (e.g., Case 1, alcohol-induced depression).
-Mood disorders disrupt emotional regulation, often requiring medication and therapy
What is the difference between CBT and REBT?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):
-Focuses on identifying and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors.
-Uses structured techniques like cognitive restructuring and exposure (e.g., ERP for OCD in Cases 5 and 10).
-Emphasizes gradual change through evidence-based strategies.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT):
-A type of CBT focusing on irrational beliefs (e.g., “I must be perfect”).
-Challenges these beliefs directly through disputation to foster emotional resilience.
-More confrontational, emphasizing emotional responsibility (e.g., could help Latika in Case 5 challenge guilt-driven beliefs).
Key Difference: CBT is broader, addressing thoughts and behaviors; REBT specifically targets irrational beliefs with a philosophical approach.
Define Alcohol-Induced Severe Depression (Case 1).
-A mood disorder where severe depressive symptoms (low mood, suicidal ideation, reduced sleep/appetite) are triggered or exacerbated by alcohol use.
- Anshuman (Case 1) showed self-medication with alcohol, leading to a suicide attempt and severe depressive episode (F32.2).
-Treatment includes detoxification, antidepressants, and therapy.
Define Acute Transient Psychotic Disorder (Case 3).
A short-term psychotic condition (F23) with sudden onset of symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, or agitation, resolving within weeks.
-Jayanti (Case 3) exhibited persecutory thoughts and restlessness after a family argument, with no chronic psychotic structure.
-Treatment includes short-term antipsychotics and supportive therapy.
Define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Cases 5 and 10).
An anxiety disorder (F42) involving intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors/rituals (compulsions) to reduce anxiety. Latika (Case 5) and Charulata (Case 10) showed compulsive cleaning and counting, driven by fears of contamination or harm. Treatment includes SSRIs and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP).
Define Bipolar Affective Disorder, Manic Episode (Cases 6 and 8).
A mood disorder with episodes of mania (elevated mood, grandiosity, reduced sleep) and sometimes depression.
-Prakash (Case 6) and Raja (Case 8) showed manic symptoms like grandiosity, impulsivity, and aggression.
-Treatment involves mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and psychoeducation.
Define Polysubstance Use Disorder (Case 7).
A substance-related disorder (F19) involving dependence on multiple substances (e.g., tobacco, cannabis, sedatives), leading to behavioral and emotional changes.
-Rohan (Case 7) exhibited withdrawal, aggression, and numbing due to substance use. -Treatment includes detoxification, therapy, and rehabilitation.
Define Dissociative (Conversion) Disorder (Case 9).
A disorder (F44) where psychological stress manifests as physical symptoms (e.g., fainting, pseudo-seizures) or identity alterations, often linked to trauma.
- Subhashree (Case 9) showed dissociative episodes and childlike speech tied to marital abuse.
- Treatment includes trauma-informed therapy and grounding techniques.
Define Conduct Disorder with Manic Features (Case 8).
A behavioral disorder in youth (F91) involving rule-breaking, aggression, and impulsivity, with Raja (Case 8) also showing manic features (e.g., euphoria, grandiosity).
-Co-occurring antisocial traits and tobacco use were noted. Treatment includes behavioral therapy, mood stabilizers, and family support.
How did cultural factors influence these cases?
Cultural factors significantly impacted diagnosis and treatment:
-Spiritual Misinterpretations: Symptoms seen as possession or evil eye (Cases 2, 4, 9),
-Delaying medical help.
-Gender Norms: Women faced pressure to conform, exacerbating symptoms (Cases 3, 5, 9).
-Stigma: Mental health issues dismissed as laziness or black magic (Cases 1, 4, 7, 8).
-Family Dynamics: Authoritarian parenting or emotional suppression worsened distress (Cases 3, 7, 8, 9).
-Psychoeducation was critical to address these barriers.
What types of cases have you seen during your clinical internship?
I have observed and worked with the following cases: 1. Alcohol-Induced Severe Depression (Case 1) 2. Paranoid Schizophrenia with Religious Delusions (Case 2) 3. Acute Transient Psychotic Disorder (Case 3) 4. Paranoid Schizophrenia with Social Isolation (Case 4) 5. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with Cultural Guilt (Case 5) 6. Manic Episode with Grandiosity (Case 6) 7. Polysubstance Use and Emotional Withdrawal (Case 7) 8. Manic Agitation and Conduct Concerns (Case 8) 9. Dissociative Disorder with Trauma History (Case 9) 10. Early-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Case 10)
What is depression?
Depression is a mental health disorder characterized by persistent low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, and impaired daily functioning. Symptoms include sadness, fatigue, changes in sleep or appetite, feelings of worthlessness, and suicidal thoughts, lasting at least two weeks (DSM-5).
Example: Anshuman (Case 1) exhibited low mood, suicidal ideation, and reduced sleep/appetite.
What are the causes of depression?
Causes of depression include: 1. Biological: Genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter imbalances (e.g., serotonin, dopamine). 2. Psychological: Negative thought patterns, low self-esteem, perfectionism (e.g., Anshuman’s perfectionistic traits). 3. Environmental: Stressful life events (e.g., breakup, academic burnout in Case 1), trauma, or substance use (e.g., alcohol in Case 1). 4. Social: Isolation, lack of support, or family conflict (e.g., strained family ties in Case 1). 5. Cultural: Societal expectations or stigma around mental health.
What are the types of depression?
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Severe, persistent symptoms (e.g., Case 1: Severe Depressive Episode). 2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia): Chronic, milder depression lasting ≥2 years. 3. Bipolar Depression: Depressive episodes within Bipolar Disorder. 4. Substance-Induced Depression: Triggered by substance use (e.g., alcohol in Case 1). 5. Postpartum Depression: Depression post-childbirth. 6. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): Depression tied to seasonal changes. 7. Psychotic Depression: Depression with psychotic features like delusions.
What is the difference between CBT and REBT?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): - Focuses on identifying and modifying negative thought patterns and behaviors. - Uses structured techniques like cognitive restructuring and exposure (e.g., ERP for OCD in Cases 5 and 10). - Emphasizes gradual change through evidence-based strategies.
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT): - A type of CBT focusing on irrational beliefs (e.g., “I must be perfect”). - Challenges these beliefs directly through disputation to foster emotional resilience. - More confrontational, emphasizing emotional responsibility (e.g., could help Latika in Case 5 challenge guilt-driven beliefs).
Key Difference: CBT is broader, addressing thoughts and behaviors; REBT specifically targets irrational beliefs with a philosophical approach.
What are mood disorders?
Mood disorders are mental health conditions characterized by significant disturbances in emotional state, affecting daily functioning. They include: 1. Major Depressive Disorder: Persistent low mood, hopelessness (e.g., Case 1). 2. Bipolar Disorder: Alternating manic and depressive episodes (e.g., Cases 6 and 8). 3. Dysthymia: Chronic, milder depression. 4. Cyclothymic Disorder: Milder mood swings than bipolar. 5. Substance-Induced Mood Disorder: Mood changes due to substances (e.g., Case 1, alcohol-induced depression).
Define Alcohol-Induced Severe Depression (Case 1).
A mood disorder where severe depressive symptoms (low mood, suicidal ideation, reduced sleep/appetite) are triggered or exacerbated by alcohol use. Anshuman (Case 1) showed self-medication with alcohol, leading to a suicide attempt and severe depressive episode (F32.2). Treatment includes detoxification, antidepressants, and therapy.
Define Paranoid Schizophrenia (Cases 2 and 4).
A chronic psychotic disorder (F20.0) characterized by delusions (often persecutory), hallucinations, social withdrawal, and disorganized thinking. Shreyashree (Case 2) displayed religious delusions and withdrawal, while Talemun (Case 4) showed persecutory delusions and isolation. Treatment involves antipsychotics, therapy, and family psychoeducation.
Define Acute Transient Psychotic Disorder (Case 3).
A short-term psychotic condition (F23) with sudden onset of symptoms like delusions, hallucinations, or agitation, resolving within weeks. Jayanti (Case 3) exhibited persecutory thoughts and restlessness after a family argument, with no chronic psychotic structure. Treatment includes short-term antipsychotics and supportive therapy.
Define Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (Cases 5 and 10).
An anxiety disorder (F42) involving intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors/rituals (compulsions) to reduce anxiety. Latika (Case 5) and Charulata (Case 10) showed compulsive cleaning and counting, driven by fears of contamination or harm. Treatment includes SSRIs and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP).
