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VIVA PREP Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the 5A’s for smoking cessation advice when speaking to a patient

A

ASK pt if they use tobacco
ADVISE on benefits of quitting
ASSESS willingness to quit
ASSIST in quit attempt
ARRNGE follow up dental appointment and praise each visit

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2
Q

Describe the 5R’S regarding smoking cessation advice

A

RELEVANCE
RISKS
REWARDS
ROADBLOCKS
REPETITION
- these are only used when a patient is not in a place to stop, aim here is to provide motivation to POTENTIALLY STOP.

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3
Q

what aids are there available to stop smoking

A

NRT
non-nicotene products

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4
Q

How can we work out pack years

A

no of packs/day multiplied by no of years the pt has smoked for

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5
Q

describe some NRT methods

A
  • gum/lozenges
  • e-cigarettes
    -microtabs
    -patches
    -nasal spray
    -inhaler
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6
Q

Describe some non-nicotene products

A
  • hypnosis
  • ‘dummy cigarettes’
    -diet and exercise
    -complementary therapies
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7
Q

how do we decide whether to intervene/treat caries

A

how extensive the caries are
- if more than 50% into enamel we treat
- if less than 50%, treat as enamel caries
ANYTHING INTO DENTINE OCCLUSALLY, WE INTERVENE

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8
Q

list ways we can dx caries

A
  • rads
  • clinically
  • seps to see ID
  • transillumination
  • caries detection dyes
  • dry/clean the tooth
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9
Q

time frame for pts radiographs

A

high risk - 6/12
moderate risk - 12 months
high risk - 2 years

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10
Q

what different types of composite do we have

A

PARTICLE SIZE - micro/macro/nanofilled/hybrid
WAY IT IS CURED - heat/light/chemical
TYPE OF COMPOSITE - flowable, bulk, conventional

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11
Q

Constituents of composite

A

filler (silica powder/glass)
resin matrix
camphorquinone (activator)
coupling agent

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12
Q

bacteria causing caries

A

s.mutans (aciduric/acidogenic, gram +)
lactobacilli - facultative
actinomyces (root caries)

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13
Q

How does caries cause damage

A

fermentation - the break down of acid

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14
Q

diff types of LA

A

lidocaine
articaine (if IDB unsuccessful)
prilocaine

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15
Q

Whats in an LA cartilage

A

LA agent
epinephrine
solvent
water
fungacide

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16
Q

List the 4 liners used to protect the pulp

A

zinc oxide euginol
zinc phosphate
hard setting CaOH
Resin GI

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17
Q

what is the gold standard for moisture control

A

DAM
provides airway protection
best way to isolate tooth
protects sts in mouth

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18
Q

properties/function of etch

A

removes enamel changing the structure of prisms
it creates micromechanical tags - lock and key effect
exposes dentine tubules and removes the ‘smear’ layer

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19
Q

properties/function of primer

A

bond has a solvent in, therefore need to make surface of dentine hydrophobic to hydrophillic

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19
Q

properties/function of bond

A

like a ‘glue’ flows into dentinal tubules and sticks w AID of primer

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20
Q

Name of mobility index

A

MILLERS MOBILITY INDEX

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21
Q

name of index to measure furcation

A

hamp et al

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22
Q

types of tbing technique

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A

modified BASS technique
mini scrub
roll technique
modified stillman technique

23
Q

what does smoking do to perio dentition

Study These Flashcards
A

smoking reduces effects of motile neutrophils - effect is reduced
hyperkeratosis
smoking damages fibroblasts meaning loss of collagen/elasticity in tissue

24
RSD is achieving to what...
render the rs biologically compatible with healing
25
name the 2 types of USS
magneto-strictive - nickel stacks piezo -crystals - vibrates slightly more than magneto-strictive
26
3 modes of action USS
cavitational acoustic streaming mechanical vibration
27
What is the HISTOPATHOLOGY of enamel caries? (4)
1. Surface Zone 2. Body of Lesion 3. Dark Zone 4. Translucent Zone
28
What is the treatment for a WSL (3)
- diet advice - OHI - F/V
29
What is the HISTOPATHOLOGY of Dentine Caries? (3)
- Zone of destruction (necrotic dentine) - Zone of bacterial invasion - Advancing front of lesion (closest to pulp) - only acid here - NO BACTERIA
30
What 4 things need to be present for caries to develop?
time, sugar, plaque, surface
31
What are the ways we can REDUCE or PREVENT caries (4)
TBing F/S Corrected diet/stick snacking to meal times F/V
32
What is the different bacteria that causes caries ? (3 main ones)
S.mutans - gram pos aerobic which is ACIDURIC/ACIDOGENIC Lactobacilli - facultative anaerobe Actinomyces (root caries)
33
What is fermentation?
Break down of acid which is how caries CAUSES DAMAGE
34
What does CARIOGENIC mean
The ability to CAUSE disease
35
what does ACIDOGENIC mean
The ability to produce acid (lactic acid)
36
Describe one mode of action in fluoride for caries prevention (there are 4 modes of action)
Fluorapatite forms when fluoride is present rather than hydroxyapatite (during the remin process) Fluoride ions replace the OH (hydroxyl) ions. Fluorapatite is LESS soluble than Hyroxyapatite under acidic conditions meaning it can withstand further acidic attacks. Because of the replacement of the ions we get calcium fluorapatite CRYSTALS - this has a critical pH of 4.5 (can withstand more of an acidic environment!) REMEMBER pH of mouth is 5.5!
37
Describe the second mode of action in fluoride for caries prevention
PLAQUE PH - there is a constant equilibrium in the mouth in which remineralisation and demineralisation occurs so one can unbalance the other. so therefore, FLUORIDE causes more of an abundance of calcium and phosphate ions in saliva which allows REMINERALIZATION!
38
Describe a third mode of action that fluoride can do to prevent caries
it can have an effect on the morphology of the tooth - more rounded cusps and flatter fissures. this would have been given when the teeth are developing.
39
Describe the 4th mode of action that fluoride can have to prevent the development of caries
it has an effect on bacteria - fluoride is BACTERIOSTATIC (inhibits the growth) which can lower the overall number of s.mutans
40
What does saliva contain
calcium and phosphate
41
Describe the Stephan curve
The Stephan Curve illustrates how the pH of dental plaque fluctuates over time and its effect on the demineralization and remineralization processes. It typically shows a sharp drop in pH following the consumption of sugary or acidic foods and beverages, indicating increased acid production by oral bacteria. This acidic environment (if it drops below 5.5) promotes demineralization, leading to tooth decay. As the pH rises due to saliva production and other factors, remineralization becomes more prevalent, helping to repair the enamel.
42
What does SIMD stand for
Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
43
What are some methods of topical fluoride delivery
Duraphat MW Toothpaste APF gels (acidated, phopphate, fluoride)
44
What are some systemic methods of fluoride delivery
Fluoridated water taps Fluoridated milk/salts FLuoridtabs/drops
45
If a patient is in pain from caries, what do we call it> - 2 terms
REVERSIBLE/IRREVERSIBLE pulpitis
46
What is reversible pulpitis (3)
brought on by sweet/hot/cold. pain stops when stimuli is removed looks like an EARLY carious lesion radiographically caries into dentine
47
What is IRREVERSIBLE pulpitis ? (3)
Constant pain, only relieved by analgaesics , kept awake etc clinically, sign of infection ie sinus, raised temp, loss of marginal ridge caries close to pulp for radiolucency
48
What are the tests we could do to test for pulp diagnosis
TTP ethyl chloride
49
What are we testing when we test VITALITY
blood supply of pulp
50
what does ICDAS stand for
International Caries Detection and Assessment System
51
What role does saliva play in PREVENTION of caries (4)
Keeps bacteria flowing in/out pH balance , buffers acids Produces ca and phosphate (alkaline) Contains anitbacterial factors
52
How does plaque cause disease in the periodontium ?
As plaque matures during the development of gingivitis and the sub-gingival environment develops, the flora shifts from gram pos to gram neg and becomes more MOTILE and ANAEROBES. Bacteria may cause ulceration through enzymes or via host inlammatory response
53
How is gingivitis caused
due to the QUANTITY of plaque - plaque removal = solution
54
What does early gingival inflammation involve regarding host response
it is involved in the innate immunity which is the FIRST line of defence
55
What occurs in innate immunity
it involves intact epithelial barriers, lubrication of epithelium, the complement cascade, cell-signalling molecules like cytokines which recruit specific lymphocytes, macrophages etc
56
What factors need to be present for perio disease to occur
QUALITY AND VIRULENCE FACTORS (ability of organism to infect the host) enzymes - collagenase toxins like exo and endo metabolic products too

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