VLC LING101 Flashcards
Cards for the Virtual Linguistics Campus LING101 course (27 cards)
What is the definition of LANGUAGE given for the course?
“Language is the institution whereby humans communicate and interact with each other by means of habitually-used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols. “
What is the definition of COMMUNICATION given for the course?
Communication can be defined as the process whereby ideas, information and messages are shared with others at a particular time and place through a common system of symbols.
What are the differences between HUMAN and ANIMAL communication?
Displacement: Only human language allows us to communicate about things that are not present in space or time.
Creativity: Language enables us to produce and understand any number of messages that have never been heard before and that may contain novel ideas. Animal communication systems, by contrast, are fixed in terms of the messages that can be conveyed.
Define MODE OF COMMUNICATION
The term ‘mode of communication’ refers to the means by which messages are transmitted between communication partners.
What are the two primary MODES OF COMMUNICATION?
Verbal communication and non-verbal communication.
What are the two MODES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION?
Speech and writing.
What are the MODES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION?
Visual (including gestures) and tactile, as well as the much less frequent olfactory and gustatory.
What is the definition of LINGUISTICS
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
What are the three main branches of LINGUISTICS
Sound, structure and meaning,
What is PHONETICS?
Phonetics is the study of the physical properties of human speech sounds.
What are the three distinct but interdependent viewpoints of PHONETICS?
Articulatory, auditory, and acoustic.
What is ARTICULATORY PHONETICS?
Articulatory phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced.
What is AUDITORY PHONETICS?
Auditory phonetics studies the way in which humans perceive sounds.
What is ACOUSTIC PHONETICS?
Acoustic phonetics studies the physical properties of speech sounds.
What is PHONOLOGY?
Phonology investigates the principles governing the sound systems of particular languages and of language in general.
What is SEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY?
Segmental phonology studies ‘what’ people say, i.e. the segments of speech (vowels and consonants) that comprise the sound system of a language.
What is SUPRASEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY?
Suprasegmental phonology deals with ‘how’ people say things, i.e. with structures and phenomena beyond the segmental level, including stress, tone, metrics and others.
What is MORPHOLOGY?
Morphology seeks to define how words are built from smaller units.
What are some of the primary questions addressed by MORPHOLOGY?
How do languages build words? How are new words formed, and does this vary by language? How do languages modify words to fit into syntactic contexts? What is the relationship between different forms of the same word?
What is SYNTAX?
Syntax is the study of sentence structure.
What are three core concepts in the study of SYNTAX
Grammar, syntactic form (categories), syntactic function.
What is SEMANTICS?
Semantics is the study of meaning in language, more specifically the meaning of words, sentences and even larger elements.
What is SENTENCE SEMANTICS?
Sentence Semantics studies the meanings of sentences and how they derive from the meanings of their component parts.
What is WORD SEMANTICS?
Word Semantics deals with the analysis of word meanings.
