VNS L1

Question 1

Tell me one of the main function of the body ?

Answer 1

Is the mentanance of homeosatsis

Question 2

What is the regulation mean ?

Answer 2

Is the changeing the course of any function or process with purpose if achieving a particular result

Question 3

Example of regultory reaction ?

Answer 3

Functioning of certain selected cells , human social behavior

Question 4

Classifaction ( or the general charitrasic ) of ogranism regulatory mechanisms

Answer 4

• nervous
  Levels :
• central = by central neveous system
  -Phriphral = by metasympathtic nervous system
• humoral
  Levels:
  General : hormonal
  Preiphral : paracrine

Question 5

What is the humoral regulation ? And example

Answer 5

Its implemnted though releasing regltory substance into body fluid

Ex- blood

Question 6

What is the nervous ( or reflix ) reglatory

Answer 6

It is implemented through the nervous system , using redlixes

Question 7

What is the general humral regulation ?

Answer 7

Its carried out by Endocrine glands = like hypothalmus , the thyroid gland , sexual gland , though releasing hormons into blood , which are spread by ut thoughout have general effect and also can called ( endocrine regulation )

Question 8

What is the phriephral humoral regulation

Answer 8

Its carried out by APUD-System ,
APUD-system - its group of sepratly deffusely located secretory cells , which are persent in larg numbers in practically all organs , and they are secret their secretes into inter cellular fulid of the given organ, and therefore can affect only the activtes of this organ , and thats method of regulation called paracrine regulation

Question 9

What is the hormons

Answer 9

Hormons is a substance secreted by glands if internal secetion into the blood stream , and its regulate the actevites of various ograns ans systems of whole body

Question 10

What is the central nervous regulation ?

Answer 10

Its level which is able to modfiy the activtiy of all organs and body system is implmented by CNS

Question 11

What is the local level of nervous regulation ?

Answer 11

Its linked into the implemntaion of prephral reflexes and functioning of peripheal nervous system , local reflexis carreid out by Metsympathic nervous system

Question 12

What is the classfication of CNS anatomaclly

Answer 12

Spinal cord , brain , mudulla oblongata mid brain

Question 13

What us the parts of the CNS function physiologcally ?

Answer 13

• Somatic nervous system (SoNS)- main
• vegtative nervous system (VNS) Mian
• meta sympathatic nervous system (MNS) saidly

Question 14

What is the Somatic system ?

Answer 14

Its system which regulate the actevity of Skelatel Muscles, and its volnteerly

Question 15

What is the Vegtative nervous system ?

Answer 15

Its system regulate the internal organs of the body
- Inclouding 2 parts
1- Sympataic nervous system
2- parasympathtic nervous system

Question 16

What is the sympathatic nervous system ?

Answer 16

• function : rising heart rait , blood vessles constrict , glocuse relessing from liver
• fibers orignate from : thoacic and lumber region of spinal cord

It has short perganglionic and long postganglionic fibers
- the ganglia is near to spinal cord

Question 17

What is the parasympathatic nervous system ?

Answer 17

• function : digestion of the food , general mentanince
• Fibers oregnate from ?
  Brain or sacral region of the spinal cord
• it has long pergangloinc and short postganglionc fibers

The ganglia in the effector organs

Question 18

How parasymplathatic and sympathatic systems are work toghther

Answer 18

Though dual innervation

Question 19

What is the main deffreince between SoNS and VNS

Answer 19

1-higher centers 
2- lower centers 
3 - motor Element 
4- mediator 
5- receptors 
6 - segmntal metamaric 
7 - Effector 
8- functonial deffrencises 
9 -voronterness

Question 20

Wha is the meaning of Humor in Latin ?

Answer 20

Its mean Liquid , wet , fluid

Question 21

Explain the deffrence in Higher Center between Sons and VNS

Answer 21

• SoNS : higher Center is Cortex precebtral gyrus where the pyramdil tract start its termenates a- and y- motornuouns of spinal cord
• VNS : higher center is Hypothalmus

Question 22

Explain the deffrence in lower Center between Sons and VNS

Answer 22

-SoNS : motornuoron is located in the Ant, horn of the substance of spinal cord
There are the a- and y- motornouron

VNS : the motornouron located in the latral horn of spinal cord or medulla oblangata

Question 23

Explain the deffrence in motor element between Sons and VNS

Answer 23

-SoNs : its consist of 1 motor neroun and its located in Ant, horn

-VNS: its consist of 2 motor neroun
1 located in latral Horn
1 located out of CNS called ( vegtative ganglia )

Question 24

Explain the deffrence in mediaitor between Sons and VNS

Answer 24

• SoNS : on Effector ( muscles ) Acyticholein ( ACH ) is Secreted
• VNS : imuplses transmission carried out by Acytilcholine (ACH ) or noradrenalin (NA)

Question 25

Explain the deffrence in Receptors between Sons and VNS

Answer 25

-SoNS : on the effctor only N-cholinorecptor (N-h/r) -VNS : on the 2nd motorneourn N-cholinorecptor , and on the effctor ethier M-cholinoreceptor or adrenorecptor ,

Question 26

Explain the deffrence in Segmental meta maric between Sons and VNS

Answer 26

-SoNS : somatic nerve Fibers leave the spinal cord segmentally and overlap with innervating at least 3 nighbouring metamers -VNS : has no prenciple of segmental meatmaric innervation VNS fibers go from 3 sites - brain stem -thoracolumbr - sacral part Then they distrbute on prephry and is consederd to be deffuse, they innervates the all vescral systems without any exeption which in the most cases have sympathatic and parasympathatic innervation

Question 27

What is the MetaMers ?

Answer 27

Its part of the body surface and skelatal muscles innervating from 3 nighbouring of spinak cord

Question 28

Explain the deffrence in Effector between Sons and VNS

Answer 28

-SoNS : effector is the skelatal muscles -VNS: effector is ethier 1 smooth muscles 2 cardiac muscles 3 gland

Question 29

Explain the in functonal deffreinces between Sons and VNS

Answer 29

- SoNS : regulate the tonic actevity of the skelatel muscles - VNS : alters the actevtiy of the internal organs

Question 30

Explain the deffrence in Volonterness between Sons and VNS

Answer 30

- SoNS : volontrely , you can change the toinc of the skelatel mucles - VNS : unvolontry , volontrness of VNS is extremly low , however using somw Yoga training you can achive some missur of controling over the actevty if internal organs

Question 31

Is the recepitve field ( intercalary ) or (addernt element ) are part of the VNS of SoNS ?

Answer 31

The answer is No They are not part of the VNS or SoNS But they are part of there reflixes archs

Question 32

What is the diffrents between local and general humral

Answer 32

General : is carried out by Endocrine glands such as hypothalmus by releasing hormons into the blood , which regulate the ograns Local : is carried out by so - called APUD-system and its relesing intercelular fluid and regulate the spicfic organ

Question 33

What is the reflex ?

Answer 33

Its respons of the body , mediaite though the central nervous system CNS

Question 34

Is the reflix cereberfugal respons to centripetal irritation ?

Answer 34

Yes