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American History > Vocab 1 (8th Grade) > Flashcards

Vocab 1 (8th Grade) Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Indentured Servants

A

Individual that agrees to work 4-6 years to pay for his voyage to the Americas

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2
Q

House of Burgesses

A

First representative government in North America

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3
Q

Quebec

A

France’s first colonial settlement in North America that focused on the fur trade

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4
Q

The Middle Passage

A

Journey of African Slaves from Africa to North America and the Caribbean that consisted of violent capture and unbearable ship conditions that often ended in death

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5
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic theory that states a colony exists to benefit the home country. A country that builds its power by gaining more gold and silver

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6
Q

New Amsterdam

A

Main Dutch coastal settlement located on Manhattan Island. It would later become New York City when the British took over

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7
Q

France

A

This country colonized the Americas because of fur and fishing

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8
Q

Colombian Exchange

A

Global exchange of food, livestock, slaves, and diseases

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9
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

Pilgrims signed this agreement outside their charter to set up the guidelines and principles of their government

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10
Q

Treaty

A

Formal agreement between two countries

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11
Q

Bartolomé de las Casas

A

16th century Spanish priest who advocated against Native American slaves and for African Slaves

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12
Q

England

A

This country colonized North America because of religious persecution and profit from trade and land

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13
Q

Protestant Reformation

A

Movement started by Martin Luther who wanted to reform the Catholic Church. This movement divided Europeans between Catholics and Protestants

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14
Q

Maryland

A

English colony founded by Catholics, led by Lord Baltimore, who were looking for religious freedom

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15
Q

Jamestown

A

England’s 1st permanent colony in North America which was founded by people searching for gold. They found no gold but did make money off of tobacco

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16
Q

House of Representatives

A

House of Congress that consists of 435 members and each states representation is based on population

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17
Q

Senate

A

House of Congress that consists of 100 members with each state getting 2 voting members. Approves Presendtial appointments

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18
Q

Speaker of the House

A

Leader of the House of Representatives,which goes to the majority party, and is 3rd in line to be president

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19
Q

Catholicism

A

Largest sect of Christianity that follows traditions and a hierarchy that is led by the Pope

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20
Q

Massachusetts

A

English colony founded by the Pilgrims and Puritains, who were searching for religious freedom

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21
Q

Spain

A

This country colonized the Americas to gain worldwide recognition

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22
Q

Portugal

A

European country that started the age of exploration and colonization by its innovations in sea exploration

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23
Q

Incas

A

Ancient civilization conquered by Pizzaro. He stole 65million in gold and silver

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24
Q

Town Hall Meetings

A

Type of government in which all people can voice their opinions and vote on issues involving their town

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25
Aztecs
Ancient civilization that was defeated by Cortes after he attacked them at Tenochtitlan
26
Pennsylvania
English colony founded by the Quakers, who were searching for religious freedom
27
Impeachment
The formal process of accusing a public official of unlawful activity and the removal of that official from office
28
Legislative Branch
Makes the nation's laws. This branch has the power to impose taxes and declare war
29
Due Process
Idea that the government must follow procedures established by law and guaranteed by the Constitution
30
Loose Interpretation
Government has the power to do anything not specifically forbidden to it in the Constitution
31
Strict Interpretation
Government only has the powers specifically written out in the Constitution
32
Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments in the Constitution
33
Judicial Review
The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution
34
1st Ammendment
Guarantees freedom of religion, press, speech, and assembly
35
5th Amendment
Assures the right not to be deprived of "life, liberty, and property, without due process of law."
36
Separation of Powers
The division of government power between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches
37
6th Amendment
Guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury
38
Popular Sovereinty
Political theory that government is subject to the will of the people
39
Judicial Branch
Interprets the nation's laws. This branch can hear cases of maritime law and those involving controversies between the states
40
Checks and Balances
The system in which each branch of government has certain powers over the other two branches so that no one branch becomes too powerful
41
Representative Government
People exercise control by electing representatives
42
Veto
The power of the president to reject a bill and prevent it from becoming a law
43
Executive Branch
Carries out the nation's laws and policies. This branch has the power to command the military and grant pardons to individuals convicted of a crime
44
Federalism
The sharing of power between federal (national) and state governments
45
Bicameralism
Two-House Legislature
46
Marbury vs. Madison
Supreme Court case which established the precedent of Judicial Review
47
Secretary of State
Member of the president's cabinet that handles relations with foreign countries
48
Secretary of Defense
Member of the president's cabinet that is concerned with the Armed Forces
49
Attorney General
Member of the president's cabinet that handles the government's legal matters
50
Electoral College
Group of electors from each state that meets every four years to vote for the President and Vice-Pesident
51
Secretary of Treasury
Member of the President's cabinet that deals with financial matters
52
4th Amendment
Protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures
53
8th Amendment
Protects against cruel and unusual punishments
54
2nd Amendment
Guarantees the right to keep and bear arms
55
10th Amendment
All powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states
56
3rd Amendment
Says you don't have to house soldiers in your home during times of peace
57
7th Amendment
Guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases when you are being sued over $20
58
9th Amendment
Says you have other rights not named in the first 8 amendments
59
Rhode Island
English Colony that was founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson who wanted to create a government that was separate of religious influence
60
Puritains
Religious group settling in America to create a religious utopia to serve as an example or a "city on a hill" to the rest of the world

American History (5 decks)

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