Vocab Flashcards
(163 cards)
1
Q
Achromatic
A
having no discernible hue or color
2
Q
Additive Color
A
the process mixing colors of light together
3
Q
Additive Mixture
A
color seen because of light only
4
Q
Additive Primaries
A
wavelengths of light that must be present to yield white light: red, green, and blue
5
Q
Afterimage
A
a ‘ghost’ image generated by the eye in response to stimulation by a single color in the absence of its complement
6
Q
Analogous Colors
A
colors adjacent on a color spectrum, sometimes defined as hues limited to the range between a primary and secondary. A group of colors including any two primaries but never the third.
7
Q
Architectural Order (color)
A
A sequence with the lightest value at the top and the darkest at the bottom
8
Q
Artists’ Media
A
composed of a liquid, paste, viscous, solid, or other base into which pigments or dyes have been introduced to form a transferable colorant, such as paint, dye, crayon, or chalk
9
Q
Artists’ Spectrum
A
the full range of visible hues as organized by Goethe: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet and all hues in between
10
Q
Ascender
A
in typeface, it is the portion of the lowercase letter that extends above the mean line of a font (x-height)
11
Q
Aspect Ratio
A
the proportional relationship between the width and height of a rectangle
12
Q
Asymmetrical Balance
A
balance that relies on non-symmetrical design components, in which both sides of the work are not the same or divisible
13
Q
Atmospheric Perspective
A
the effect of an intervening body of air between an object and a viewer, causing a softening of outlines, blurring of colors, and loss of detail at the horizon; the simulation of depth in two-dimensional art by the portrayal of this effect
14
Q
Azo Dye
A
a family of petroleum-based dyes developed in the latter nineteenth century, with greater color fastness than the aniline dyes that preceded them
15
Q
Bézier Curve
A
a line defined by a set of anchor and control points (named after Pierre Bézier)
16
Q
Bezold Effect
A
the changing of an appearance in a pattern accomplished by swapping out (only) one color for another (named after Wilhelm von Bezold)
17
Q
Biomorphic
A
taken from nature, from the Greek meaning “structure based on life”
18
Q
Brilliance
A
the combined qualities of high light reflectance and strong hue, typically found in saturated colors and strong tints
19
Q
Carried Colors
A
colors in an image or design that are laid on the background
20
Q
Chiaroscuro
A
the use of light and shadow effects in a painting
21
Q
Chroma
A
a synonym of hue and color, the name of a color. Also a term to describe the relative presence of hue in a sample. A vivid color has high chroma, a muted color sample has lower chroma.
22
Q
Chromatic Simultaneous Contrast
A
simultaneous contrast concerns itself with hue-color changes that occur due to the influence of the surrounding hues/colors
23
Q
Chromophobia
A
fear of color
24
Q
Chromotherapy
A
the use of color for healing
25
CIE
The Commision Internationale de I'Eclairage; an organization that attempts to standardize color notation with regard to the colors of light
26
Collage
A composition in which various materials and objects are combined together either two-dimensionally on a fixed backing, or three-dimensionally as sculptural object
27
Color
a category of visual experience including hue, value, and saturation. Also, a synonym for hue and chroma; the name of a color
28
Colorant
a substance that reacts with light by absorbing some wavelengths and reflecting others, giving an object or surface its hue
29
Color Cycle
A period of time or stage in consumer preference for certain palettes; the prevalence of certain colors in the context of a particular time
30
Color Coding
the use of color to differentiate between objects or ideas
31
Color Cycle
a period of time or stage in consumer preference for certain palettes; the prevalence of certain colors in the context of a particular time
32
Color Forecasting
a service that provides manufactures and vendors with information and guidance on upcoming consumer interest in certain colors and palettes
33
Colorimeter
a device that measures the red, green, and blue wavelengths of emitted light; used to calibrate computers and monitors
34
Color Rendering Index (CR)
a rating scale meant to assess the ability of a lamp to render the colors of objects. Lamps are rated based on the degree of color shift that occurs when an object placed under the test lamp is compared to the same object under a reference standard lamp
35
Color Scheme
a plan for selecting, organizing, and using colors in a specific application
36
Color Separation
in printing, the process by which the primary colors are printed separately but create a full color image when superimposed with each other
37
Color Temperature
in lighting, the measurable temperature in degrees Kelvin of any given light source. In color theory and description, the relative warmth (red-yellow-orange cast) or coolness (blue or green cast) of a color
38
Color Wheel
a synonym for spectrum. Also a term sometimes used to mean a circle of color that scientist James Maxwell devised to demonstrate the responses of the human eye to color in motion
39
Complementary Colors
colors directly opposite to each other on the artist's spectrum or color wheel
40
Complementary Contrast
an effect of intensified hue difference that takes place when colors used together contain even a partial complementary relationship
41
Cones
cells in the retina that are sensitive to bright light and color as well as fine detail
42
Cool Grays
the result of mixing white with a commercially produced black
43
Contrast Reversal
a variation of afterimage in which the 'ghost' image is seen as a negative of the original image and as it's complementary color
44
Cross-hatching
a series of intersection sets of parallel lines used to indicate shading or volume in a drawing
45
Descender
in typeface design, it is the portion of a lowercase letter that extends below the baseline
46
Deuteranopia
a form of color blindness in which sensitivity to green is reduced
47
Diffraction
the breaking up of a beam of light into series of dark or light bands or colored spectra, after hitting an obstacle
48
Dilution
changing a pure or saturated hue by lightening, darkening, or muting (or by the addition of black, white, gray, or its complement)
49
Direct Mixing
the mixing of wet colorants together to create composite colors
50
Display Mode
the way in which a user mixes colors of a monitor light display
51
Dot Gain
in process printing, an unintended instance of ink spreading around half-tone dots
52
Dye
a colorant created by dissolving pigment into a liquid vehicle
53
Equilibrium
an involuntary, physiological state of rest that the eye seeks out. Equilibrium occurs when all three (additive or subtractive) primary colors are within the field of vision
54
Equilumiance
the appearance of vibration when two colors of equal luminance are adjacent to one another. Our eyes cannot perceive the shape edges and thus compositional elements appear to be in movement. Also referred to as color vibration.
55
Fauvism
a movement originating in France in 1905, characterized by the unconventional, seemingly arbitrary, use of bright contrasting colors (associated with Matisse)
56
Figure-Ground
in two-dimensional design, the relationship exists between the principal image (the focus) and the background shapes. The term 'figure-ground ambiguity' implies both are of equal importance (visually)
57
Filter
when used in the context of color theory, a material that transmits some wavelengths of light and absorbs others
58
Flat Color
a single solid area of color used as a design element in printing; also match or spot color
59
Font
a collection of letters, numbers, and symbols of a specific size and weight within a particular typeface. Example: Arial 12-point regular is different from Arial 20-point bold italics
60
Font Family
a collection of related fonts. These may, for example, contain the font files for "Regular", "Narrow", "Italics", "Bold Italics", etc. all withing the same typeface
61
Gamut
the full range of colors available in software and seen as the display of a color monitor
62
Geometric Shape
a shaper created according to mathematical laws or formulae ex: square, circle, etc
63
Gouache
a matte and opaque water-based paint with gum arabic binder
64
Gray Scale
anything that contains intervals of gray as well as black and white, such as gray scale monitor, which usually displays 256 grays
65
Grid
a network of lines (physical or implied) that may be horizontal, vertical, angled, irregular, broken or continuous, curved and/or circular. A network of coordinates
66
Ground
the background against which colors, forms, or shapes, are laid
67
Harmony
in color, the pleasing joint effect of two or more colors used together in a single composition
68
Hexachrome
a type of printing that adds orange and green to the CMYK system to increase the range of colors
69
Hexadecimal Colors
colors within a system of specifying colors for Web graphics based on a 16-symbol code consisting of numbers 0 to 9 and the letters A through F. Each color is specified by two symbols as a percentage of red, green, and blue
70
Hick's Law (Hick-Hyman Law)
the time it takes to make a decision increases the number of alternate increases
71
HLS Color System
hue, lightness, and saturation used as a color coding system.
72
HSB Display Mode
hue, saturation, and brightness used to represent the mixing of light and color on a monitor in the context of digital design
73
Horizon Line
the distant point at which the sky and the ground appear to meet. The line on which the vanishing points lie in an accurate perspective
74
Hue
the name of a color... synonyms are chroma or color
75
Hue Intensity
the saturation or purity of a color; its vivid versus dull quality (see 'saturation')
76
Impasto
paint applied to a support very thickly, usually with a palette knife, for the purpose of providing texture and a feeling of plasticity to the paint
77
Incident Beam
the beam of light is emitted by a light source
78
Intensity
sometimes used as a synonym for brilliance, or the strength of a hue
79
Intermediate Color
a color on the spectrum between primary and secondary
80
Interval
a visual step between color samples. Even intervals are visually equidistant steps between colors
81
Iridescence
an attribute of surfaces on which the hue changes as the observer's angle of view changes
82
Ishihara Test
a test used for color-deficient vision (color blindness and color confusion diagnosis)
83
Kerning
the spacing between individual letters or characters, generally to improve legibility or pleasing visual effect(s)
84
Leading
the vertical spacing between lines in a body of text
85
Linear Perspective
a system originating during the Renaissance for depicting three-dimensional distance on a two-dimensional surface
86
Luminosity
light emitted without heat. Used to describe the light-reflecting quality of color
87
Luster
Sheen; softened or diffused light reflectiveness on a surface
88
Maximum Chroma
the strongest possible manifestation of a hue
89
Medium
the means by which something is transmitted
90
Metamerism
the phenomenon that occurs when two objects that appear to match under one set of light conditions do not match under a different set of light conditions
91
Minimalism
the theory or practice in art or design in which the fewest possible elements are used to achieve the greatest effect
92
Moiré Pattern
an interference pattern produced by overlaying similar but offset templates or patterns
93
Monochromatic
containing only one hue (color)
94
Monochromatic Color Scheme
the use of a single hue and its variations to impart color to a composition
95
Monotone
color without variation. Generally used to describe two or more colors of close or identical value and saturation
96
Munsell Wheel
a color wheel with hues arranged based on after-imaging. Its principal (primary) colors are yellow, red, violet, blue, and green. The wheel is the basis for partitive color
97
Nanometer (NM)
a measure of wavelength, one billionth of a meter
98
Natural Pigments
pigments that are derived from animal, vegetable, and/or mineral substances
99
Negative Afterimage
an afterimage that is seen as the complement of the observed color area
100
Nonobjective
having no relationship to recognizable objects. Meant to be appreciated for line, shape, color
101
Object Mode of Vision
the presence of a viewer, light source, and object
102
Occlusion
the obstruction of one visual element by another in a composition, often used as a method to convey or imply depth
103
Palette
a board or plate upon which colors are mixed. Palette describes a group of colors used characteristically by an individual artist or designer, or in a specific design, group of designs or body of work, or the colors of a particular era
104
Pantone Matching System (PMS)
a standardized color reproduction system in which colors are given specific numbers. This system, based on nine colors, black and transparent white shows the percentages of colors required to produce a particular color
105
Partitive Color
a new color that is seen as a result of the close juxtaposition of small areas of two or more other colors
106
Pastel
an apparel-industry term for colors diluted by white to high or middle values; also clean tints with little or no muted quality
107
Pattern
a coherent visual structure, usually created by repetition of similar design elements
108
Physical Spectrum
the full range of visible colors of light as postulated by Newton: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet
109
Pigment
a colorant that is finely ground and suspended as minute particles in a vehicle. Traditionally, pigments were inorganic (earth colors), but modern chemistry has blurred this definition
110
Pixel
one of the points of light that make up the picture on a computer or television screen. The word is short for 'picture element'
111
Point (typography)
the point is the smallest unit of measure and is used for measuring font. 1 inch is approximately 72 points
112
Pointillism
the use of small dots of varying colors in painting or graphic arts to create optical color mixtures
113
Primary Colors
the simplest colors of the artists' spectrum; those that can not be reduced or broken down into component colors: red, blue, yellow
114
Process Colors
CMYK; CMY really and black is added because CMY cannot make black. These process colors result in nearly all possible colors on a printed page
115
Process Primaries
Cyan (blue-green), magenta (red-violet), and yellow
116
Protanopia
the most common type of color blindness, red color blindness
117
Pure Color
synonym for 'saturated color' and 'maximum chroma'
118
Quaternary
the mixture of a primary hue and a tertiary hue in visually equal proportions
119
Quinary
the mixture of a secondary hue and a tertiary hue in visually equal proportions
120
RGB
red, green, blue: the additive primaries used in color television and other color display systems
121
Reflected Beam
the beam of light reaching an object that is reflected back to the eye
122
Retina
the light-sensitive inner lining of the back of the eye
123
Rods
cells in the retina that are sensitive to dim light, but not to color
124
Sans Serif
the lack of any extending projections or lines (or feet) that extend from the letters in certain typefaces
125
Saturated Color
the most intense manifestation of a color imaginable example: the 'reddest' red. Synonyms are pure color, full color, or hues at maximum chroma
126
Saturation
the degree of purity of a color; its hue intensity or vivid quality, as opposed to muted or dull quality. A fully saturated color can contain one or two of the primary colors but never the third
127
Scale (noun)
size or weight relationships in a two or three-dimensional composition especially as measured by some standard of the human body. How big or small something appears to be
128
Scale (verb)
in graphic design, to change dimensions of an object to make larger or smaller without modification of the design or absolute appearance
129
Scumble
to apply a layer of opaque or semi-opaque pigment irregularly, so that some of the color underneath remains visible
130
Secondary Colors
colors made of two primaries (orange, green, violet (purple) )
131
Serif
the short lines or projections (feet when at the bottom) finishing a stroke of a letter in certain typefaces
132
Sfumato
a painting technique from the Italian Renaissance in which boundaries of shapes and figures have soft edges... it appears like smoke
133
Shade
a pure color made darker, or with black added
134
Simultaneous Contrast
a spontaneous color effect that results from a physiological response of the eye to the stimulation of one color only. The eye seeks equilibrium which generates a 'ghost' image which is the complement to the stimulating color
135
Single Interval
the smallest difference between samples that a viewer can distinguish
136
Spectrum
the full range of visible hues same as artists' spectrum and physical spectrum
137
Split Complementary Color Scheme
a color scheme found from any hue and the two hues at each side of its complement
138
Stippling
the use of dots to create tones in black and white work
139
Substrate
the material on which color is applied
140
Subtractive Mixture
color seen as the result of the absorption of light; the color objects
141
Subtractive Primaries
red, yellow, blue same as artists' media and artists' primaries
142
Tertiary Colors
colors made of any mixture of the three primaries;
"brown" or chromatic neutrals. Or a hue that results from the mixing of a primary hue and an adjacent secondary hue
143
Texture
the quality of a surface and its relative smoothness or roughness. Texture may be actual or implied
144
Tiering
the portrayal of images on a two-dimensional surface in tiers and layers, as means of indicating distance. The upper tier represents the most distant part of the scene while the lowest tier is equivalent to the foreground
145
Tint
a pure color plus white, or made lighter
146
Tone
a nonspecific word referring to some changes in a hue. Most often used to mean a graying, or reduction in saturation (chroma)
147
Transparence Illusion
an illusion in which opaque colors are made to appear transparent, created by placing two colors as if they overlap and placing an interval/intermediate color between them in the area of overlap
148
Tritanopia
blue color blindness
149
Typeface
refers to the shape and style of the letters, organized into a set based on the alphabet, numbers, and punctuation needed to completely express language. A collection of letter shapes is called a typeface like Times New Roman
150
Value
relative light and dark, with or without the presence of hue. High-value samples are light, low-value samples are dark
151
Vanishing Point
in linear perspective, the imaginary point at which parallel lines appear to converge
152
Vehicle
in color theory, a liquid, paste, viscous, wax, chalk, or other substance into which pigments, dyes or other colorants may be introduced to form a medium such as paint, textile, dye, or crayon. Referred to as a base or binder
153
Vignette
a representation in which the center of interest is sharply focused and the image fades out at the perimeter
154
Viscosity
referring to the fluidity, specifically the tensile strength, of a fluid substance
155
Visual Activity
sharpness of vision, the ability of the eye to see detail
156
Visual Texture
sensations taken in visually but interpreted in the mind as tactile
157
Visual Vibration
the effect of pairing equal valued complementary hues in a partitive setting
158
Warm Grays
grays that result from mixing white with a black that is generated by mixing red, yellow, and blue together
159
Watercolor
a transparent water-based paint with gum arabic binder
160
Wavelength
referring to the measurement of light by the distance between crests of waves of electromagnetic radiation
161
X-height
in type design, this refers to the distance between the baseline and mean line of the lower-case letters in a typeface
162
Ray Tracing
multiple reflections in the same scene. (for example multiple metal teapots all creating reflections of each other)
163
Radiosity
a way to make an object look real by diffusing light graphically in order to make it look hyper-realistic
