vocab Flashcards
(20 cards)
Forces per unit area that act on a material compression, tension, and shear
stress
Deformation of materials in response to stress
Strain
Causes materials to bend and stretch
Elastic deformation
Permanent deformation caused by strain when stress exceeds a certain value
Plastic deformation
fracture or system of fractures in Earth’s crust that occurs when stress is applied too quickly or stress is too great.
fault
an elastic wave in the earth produced by an earthquake or other means
Seismic wave
squeeze and push rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling
Primary wave
With respect to their arrival times
Secondary wave
The point of failure where the waves originate
focus
The point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus
Epicenter
Depicts vibration
Seismometer
The record produced by a seismometer
Seismogram
the numerical rating system used to measure the amount of energy released during an earthquake
Richter Scale
Measure of the energy release during an earthquake
Magnitude
The numbers on the Richter Scale are determined by the height
Amplitude
Rating scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake
Moment magnitude scale
Rates the type of damage and other effects of an earthquake as noted by observers during and after its occurrence
Modified Mercalli Scale
Seismic vibrations can cause the ground to behave like a liquid in a phenomenon
Soil liquefaction
A large ocean wave generated by vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake.
Tsunami
Sections located along faults that are known to be active
Seismic gap
